Practical 5 - musculoskeletal system

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

Synovial ball and socket joint

What actions are possible at the shoulder joint?

Flexion/extension in the sagittal plane
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation
Circumduction

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

Synovial ball and socket joint

What actions are possible at the hip joint?

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation

Which muscles move the scapula?

Trapezius
Rhomboids
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor

What does the trapezius do at the scapula?

Rotation, retraction, elevation and depression of the scapula

What do the rhomboids do at the scapula?

Pulls scapula medially
Holds scapula in thoracic wall

What does the serratus anterior do at the scapula?

Protracts and stabilizes the scapula
Assists in upward rotation

What does the pectoralis minor do at the scapula?

Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferoanteriorly against the thoracic wall

Which muscles act on the shoulder joint?

Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Rotator cuffs

What does the deltoid do at the shoulder joint?

Flexion/extension
Abduction

Where does the deltoid originate?

Clavicle, scapula and acromion process

Where does the deltoid insert?

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

What does the pectoralis major do at the shoulder joint?

Flexion
Adduction
Medial rotation
Horizontal flexion

Where does the pectoralis major originate?

Clavicle, ribs and sternum

Where does the pectoralis major insert?

Humerus

What does the latissimus dorsi do at the shoulder joint?

Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation

Where does the latissimus dorsi originate?

Ilium, lumbar/thoracic vertebrae

Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?

Humerus

What does the rotator cuff consist of?

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

Where do the rotator cuffs originate?

Scapula

Where do the rotator cuffs insert?

Humerus

What does the supraspinatus do at the shoulder?

Abduction

What does the infraspinatus do at the shoulder?

Lateral rotation

What does the subcapularis do at the shoulder?

Medial rotation

What does the teres minor do at the shoulder?

Adduction

What does the teres major do at the shoulder?

Extension and adduction

Where does the iliopsoas originate?

Iliac fossa

Where does the iliopsoas insert?

Lesser trochanter of the femur

What actions does the iliopsoas have at the hip?

Hip flexion

What actions does the gluteus maximus have at the hip?

Forceful extension

What actions does the gluteus medius and minimus have at the hip?

Abduction

What actions does the short rotators have at the hip?

Lateral rotation

What type of joint is this elbow joint?

Simple hinge joint

What muscles act on the elbow joint?

Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii

What actions are possible at the elbow joint?

Flexion/extension

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Bicondylar type synovial joint

What actions are possible at the knee joint?

Extension/flexion
Medial/lateral rotation

What help stabilise the knee joint?

Medial and lateral menisci

What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci?

To help stabilise the knee joint

What is the arm?

Upper limb between shoulder and elbow

How many muscle compartments are there in the arm?

2

What are the muscle compartments in the arm?

Anterior and posterior

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Triceps brachii
Anconeus

What actions does the anterior compartment of the arm control?

Flexion of shoulder joint

What actions does the posterior compartment of the arm control?

Extension of shoulder joint

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Brachial artery

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Profunda brachii

What is the thigh?

Area between pelvis and knee

How many muscle compartments does the thigh have?

3

What are the muscle compartments of the thigh?

Anterior, medial and posterior

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Sartorius and quadriceps femoris

What muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Adductors and gracilis

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

What order are the hamstrings in from lateral to medial?

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

What actions are controlled by the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Knee extension
Hip flexion

What actions are controlled by the medial compartment of the thigh?

Hip adduction

What actions are controlled by the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Knee flexion
Hip extension

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Femoral nerve

What is the innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator nerve

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Sciatic nerve

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Femoral artery

What is the blood supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Obturator artery

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Inferior gluteal artery and profunda femoris

What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

Scaphoid and lunate

Which bone articulates with the scaphoid and lunate?

Radius

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

Condyloid synovial joint

What movements are possible at the wrist joint?

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction

What type of joint are the radioulnar joints?

Pivot joints

What movements are possible at radioulnar joints?

Pronation/supination

What does the annular radial ligament allow?

It permits rotation of the head of the radius

What permits rotation of the head of the radius?

The annular radial ligament

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Hinge joint

What movements are possible at the ankle joint?

Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

What help stabilise the talus?

Malleoli and ligaments

What do malleoli and ligaments do at the ankle?

They help stabilise the talus

What puts strain on the weaker lateral ligaments at the ankle joint?

Excessive lateral movement and plantarflexion

What does excessive lateral movement and plantarflexion do at the ankle joint?

Puts strain on the weaker lateral ligaments

What is the forearm?

Elbow to hand

What is the leg?

Knee to foot

How many muscle compartments does the forearm have?

2

What are the muscle compartments of the forearm?

Anterior and posterior

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Pronators and extrinsic flexors of the hand

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Supinators and extrinsic extensors of the hand

What actions are controlled by the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Wrist flexion and forearm pronation

What actions are controlled by the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Wrist extension and forearm supination

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Median and ulnar nerves

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Radial nerve

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Ulnar artery

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Radial, radial recurrent, profunda brachii, posterior interosseous arteries

How many muscle compartments does the leg have?

3

What are the muscle compartments of the leg?

Anterior, lateral and posterior

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Peroneus muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Superficial - triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus) and plantaris
Deep - flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus) and plantaris

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus