POLI 1001 FINAL

Bloom writes: "There is one thing a professor can be absolutely certain of: almost every student entering the university believes, or says he believes, ..."

"that truth is relative."

What does Bloom tell us about "strong prejudices"?

They are necessary, at least at first, as visions about the way things are.

According to Bloom, American students-- unlike European students-- typically come to college without immersion in a national literature, but in the past they tended at least to know

the Bible and the Declaration of Independence

Bloom writes, approvingly, that great books give students

access to the heroic and an awareness of alternatives

What is the proper role of music in education, according to Bloom?

It helps establish a connection between pleasure and learning

Writing about his experience teaching at Cornell during the upheaval of 1969, Bloom says

higher education was decisively weakened, and democratic public opinion prevailed

Bloom tells us that the crisis of liberal education is that

there is no vision of the whole that unites higher education

What does Bloom identify as the three great divisions of knowledge within the modern university?

natural science, social science, the humanities

According to Bloom, political science is different from the other social sciences because

ALL of the above

Why does Shelby Steele start by speaking about the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal?

to show how moral authority has changed in America since the 1950s

What does Shelby Steele say about what he called "white guilt"?

ALL of the above

What is the "new consciousness" Steele writes about?

a view that racism is endemic and informs all the structures of society

How does Shelby Steele contrast (i) black achievement in entertainment and sport with (ii) black achievement in school?

(i) won by skill development, innovation, relentless practice/ (ii) dependent on white guilt

According to Steele, the underlying cause of the whole countercultural movement of the sixties was

the collapse of moral authority and the vacuum created by white guilt

Why, according to Steele, was youthful rebellion in the sixties different from most eras?

the youth won, since their parents' generation had lost all confidence in their authority

When Steele talks about "dissociation," he means

white liberals dissociated themselves from white racism by "helping" blacks

According to Steele, changing the university curriculum to include "ethnic studies"

compromised the universities' devotion to excellence

In the end, Steele diagnoses the culture's modern condemnation of racist language and indulgence of sexual misbehavior as reflecting

the shift from personal morality to social morality

According to Erika Bachiochi, the abandonment of Mary Wollstonecraft's moral vision is most evident in

the entanglement of modern women's rights with the sexual revolution

According to Wollstonecraft as Bachiochi describes her, the core to education is

moral formation

Wollstonecraft believed women's work included

ALL of the above

QUIZ 36

QUIZ 37

Erika Bachiochi writes that American culture today is characterized by a culture that

aggrandizes consumerism, workaholism, and the relentless quest for power, wealth, and pleasure

Concerning the modern flexibility in the family that elevates the circumstances of each above preordained gender norms, Bachiochi writes

this is proper

Bachiochi recommends policies that

ALL of the above

Which of the following arguments does Hayek use against planning?

ALL of the above

Which of the following does Walzer say about guerrilla warfare?

ALL of the above

Dewey says that people see that social change is a fact, but need to see that

ALL of the above

Henry Sidgwick's two rules for how we should fight wars look to

victory and proportionality

What important change to the meaning of "freedom" has contributed to the rise of socialism, according to Hayek?

It used to mean freedom from coercion; now ti means freedom from necessity

According to Walzer, military intervention by one state in the military affairs of another can be justified in all the following circumstances EXCEPT

as a preventative war to preserve the balance of power

The distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello is between, respectively,

justice in the decision to go to war, and justice in the way war is fought

In discussing strategy and morality, Walzer says

ALL of the above

Which of the following forms of government regulation would Hayek allow as consistent with the use of competition as the principle of social regulation

government rules limiting work hours

Does Dewey think that renascent liberalism requires violent revolution?

no, because a socialized economy can be established through reform, guided by social science

Walzer denies that war is in its nature limitless, but says that just war theory condemns

aggression against another nation

The most important guaranty of freedom, according to Hayek, is

the system of private property

Dewey says that liberalism in his time has entered a crisis because

ALL of the above

Dewey says that modern liberalism, in contrast to classical or nineteeth-century liberalism, holds

Dewey says that modern liberalism, in contrast to classical or 19th century liberalism, holds

there is a positive role for the state in extending liberties and securing welfare

According to Walzer, what should we have done instead of atom-bombing Japan?

relinquished our demand for unconditional surrender and accepted surrender on negotiated terms

What Hayek calls the great liberal principle of the Rule of Law ensures, he argues, that

individuals can foresee how authority will use coercive power and thus can make their own plans

According to Walzer, double effect is the principle that

accepts the foreseeable killing of civilians in certain circumstances, provided that it is not intended and that some effort is made to avoid it

Which of the following four solutions to the tension between jus ad bellum and jus in bello does Walzer think is right?

the War Convention can be overridden only in the face of imminent catastrophe

Dewey held that in his time the aims of liberalism could only be achieved by

organized social planning

According to Hayek, which of the following is NOT the role of government?

seeing that income inequality does not become substantial

Dewey and Hayek both think their respective economic systems will promote

the full and free development of individuals

Dewey praises early liberalism (even of the free market variety) for

breaking up the old aristocratic society of fixed class privileges

Walzer explains his interest in just war theory as arising from

his opposition to the Vietnam War

According to Dewey, who transformed liberalism so it was no longer tied to natural rights?

Jeremy Bentham

According to Dewey, social cooperation requires

the organization of economic life by government

Hayek argues that the way toward totalitarianism, Nazi and Soviet, was prepared by

the rise of socialism

Walzer uses the "self-help test" to determine when

rebels earn the right to have outside powers intervene in their cause

According to Walzer, justice and prudence in going to war differ how?

justice determines whether entering war is legitimate, prudence determines whether it is wise

In the Melian dialogue in Thucydides, Athens makes the case for

realism: the strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must

Walzer begins his defense of just war theory by rejecting which doctrines?

(i) and (ii) only

(realism and relativism)

According to Walzer, what is the ultimate source of the rights of states?

the human rights of citizens and their common political life

Which does Hayek NOT include among the virtues promoted by commercial society?

chastity

Dewey's philosophical stance is best described as

pragmatism

Which of the following indicates a genuine difference between Dewey and Hayek?

Dewey thinks classical liberalism should be replaced, Hayek thinks it should be revived

What does Walzer praise and blame about the British invocation of "supreme emergency" to justify bombing German cities in World War II?

praise: the dishonoring of Arthur Harris/blame: continuing the bombing after 1942

The Nuremberg trials for the first time

prosecuted state officials that launched an aggressive war

When Walzer speaks of a "sliding scale," he means

the country fighting against aggression is less bound by the War Convention

According to Hayek, democracy does not solve the problem of central planning because

people might agree on the important of planning, but not agree about its ends

Walzer criticizes the American execution of Japanese General Yamashita because

despite the principle of command responsibility, Americans had made it impossible for him to communicate with or control the troops under his command

In Federalist #39 we are told that the government established by the Constitution is

partly national, partly federal

About the active way of life, Aristotle writes

ALL of the above

What are the three precepts of natural law, according to Aquinas?

preserve human life, unite sexually and educate your offspring, know the truth about God and live in society

Finish this sentence from the Federalist: "Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, the Athenian assembly..."

would still have been a mob

The leading characteristic of a good executive, according to Publius, is

energy

Which of the following does Aristotle NOT say about slavery?

that no one in ancient Greece thought that slavery was unjust

Justice William Brennan thinks that in interpreting the Constitution, a judge's highest concern must be

protecting human dignity

Which of the following does Byron Shafer NOT use as an argument in favor of keeping the Electoral College?

the majority of voters always in the end determines who wins the Electoral College

What best describes the relation of God and government according to the Declaration of Independence?

God gives men rights; men make government to secure those rights

According to Aristotle, the city (or state) exists

by nature

According to Hobbes, the right of nature is

the liberty each man has to use his power to preserve his life

According to the Constitution of 1787, the three branches of government, outlined in the first three articles of the Constitution, are

legislative, executive, and judicial

According to Aquinas, natural law concerns

only man, as through his reason he has a share in providence

Burdett Loomis writes that the most profound critique of the Electoral College is

its failure to give citizens an equal voice in selecting the president

In Federalist #10, Publius (Madison) writes that the best solution to the problem of faction is

extending the sphere of territory governed, to ensure more factions

Aristotle says correct regimes (or governments or constitutions) are those that

seek the common advantage or common good

According to Locke, we all own the earth in common. Nonetheless, he tells us that we can gain property for ourselves by

mixing our labor with the things given by nature to all men

How do Levitsky and Way define "competitive authoritarianism"

as a hybrid regime with elections that are competitive but unfair

The middle section of the Declaration, the "facts submitted to a candid world," refer especially to

the common-law constitutional tradition of England

According to Locke, a people can "appeal to heaven" (rebel) whenever

the constitution is changed without warrant or property is not protected

Originalism is the doctrine that the Supreme Court should interpret the Constitution

according to the public meaning of the text at the time it was ratified

According to Aristotle, the end of the good city is

the cultivation of virtue

When did democracy become most widespread around the world?

In the 1990s, after the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

in a consolidated government-- the sort the anti-Federalists accused the Federalists of proposing in the Constitution--the role of the states would be

effectively eliminated, as the people would directly choose and be ruled by the central government

According to Aristotle, for slavery to be just, it must be based on the master's

capacity to rule

The pen name "Publius" was used by the author(s) of the Federalist, who was/were really

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison