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why is the Supreme Court ruling in Brandenburg vs Ohio significant?
imminent lawless action
how do seperationist differ from accommodationist?
separationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than accommodationists.
what amendment upholds the exclusionary rule?
four amendment
which branch of the government did the founders expect to be most important?
congress
what is the lemon test?
determines whether a government law or action meets the requirements of the establishment clause
those who tend to favor a limited government are known as what?
economic conservative
In a socialist economy economic decisions are determined by what or whom
?
the government
A protestor who burns his or her American flag during an anti war demonstration is trafficking and what?
symbolic speech
When colonists paid taxes on playing cards it was due to the regulations enforced under which act?
stamp act. of 1765
Sedition refers to sexual speech that has no significant literary, or artistic, political or scientific value. true or false
false
A Totalitarian government combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy t/f
true
What is article 3
?
Establishes the Supreme Court
3 core values of American political culture are
?
liberty, equality, and democracy.
The legal process of requiring citizenship for a person who was not born in the US is known as
naturalization
Market determines economic decisions in a socialist economy t/f
false
Which Supreme Court case did an expand federal power over interstate commerce by ruling New York did not have the ability to create a steam ship monopoly on the Hudson River (what Supreme Court case dealt with interstate commerce)
gibbons v ogden
What is the establishment clause
prohibits the government from "establishing" a religion
What was the great compromise
the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population).
Individuals coming to the US seeking asylum are known as what
asylee
What is written defamation of character
A condition that exists when a person makes a statement with either knowledge of its falsity or a reckless disregard for the truth.
Why is Griswold vs. Connecticut significant
marked the beginning of an era of change for sexual and reproductive rights in the United States.
Non citizens retain some rights in a democracy t/f
true
What is the defining characteristic of fighting words
words said by one individual to another & "which by utterance inflict or trend to incite an imminent breach of peace."
What political event do many young Republicans feel they will see in their lifetimes?
a civil war
What are directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity?
rules
Who would primarily be concerned with how society’s wealth is distributed?
economists
The informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems are ______.
norms
Which establishes a system in which the state holds all power over the social order?
authoritarian government
Which establishes a system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior?
authorities capitalism
A political system in which the government exercises absolute power over every aspect of life is an example of which of the following?
totalitarian
A child born in 2005 who is proficient in, and dependent upon, digital technology is an example of which of the following?
digital native
Who are those for whom most personal and commercial relationships, recreational and professional activities, and communication with others all pass through third-party channels?
mediated citizens
What form of political engagement occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue?
hashtag activism
The United States, where decisions are made through representatives of the people, is an example of which of the following?
republic
What is the process of acquiring citizenship for someone who has not acquired it by birth?
naturalization
Who is empowered by Congress to exercise authority in all immigration matters for both legal and undocumented immigrants to this country?
united states citizenship and immigration services
Who are citizens or subjects of one country who move to another country to live or work?
immigrants
Who are individuals who flee from an area or country because of persecution on the basis of race, nationality, religion, group membership, or political opinion?
refugees
What are the central ideas, principles, or standards that most people agree are important?
values
Which term describes beliefs and values about how things should be or what people ought to do rather (than what actually is)?
normative
Which reflects the belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals?
individualism
Someone who advocates for a limited government and who is cautious about change would be classified as a ______.
conservative
What describes the need to break down politics into its component parts in order to be understood?
analysis
Which document determines who gets what in American politics?
the constitution
what year was the Boston massacre
1770
what year was the declaration of independence
1776
what year was the first continental congress
1774
what year was the Boston tea party
1773
Where did the founding principle of “all men are by nature equal” first come from?
Locke’s Second Treatise on Government
What was the event that led to the first shots of the Revolutionary War?
the attempt by British authorities to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock
Which statement is true about the French and Indian War?
It was a 9-year conflict between the British and French for control of North America.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
America’s first Constitution
How did the Articles of Confederation contribute to economic instability in post-revolution America?
High state taxes depressed the economy.
Which group of people participated in Shays’ Rebellion as an act of defiance against the new government?
farmers
Why did the delegates from some states want enslaved people to count as part of their states’ populations?
Slave-owning states would get more power in the House of Representatives without having to let enslaved people vote.
What mode of government, devised as a compromise during the Constitutional Convention, divides power between central and regional units?
federalism
What did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention have in common?
wealth
The Senate is part of which branch of the federal government?
Legislative Branch
Who argued that dividing power between the executive, legislature, and judiciary branches was necessary to prevent one person or group from being able to topple the entire system?
Baron de Montesquieu
Why are checks and balances and the separation of powers so important to the American system of government?
They prevent the corruption and abuses of one branch from bringing down the government.
What norm is necessary to make the system of checks and balances in the U.S. government work?
The branches have to make it work in order for it to work.
What statement characterizes the Federalist approach to government?
The tendency to form factions should be counteracted by the mechanical elements of politics.
Why did the original draft of the Constitution not contain a Bill of Rights?
It was viewed as redundant and irrelevant.
What did James Madison argue was the greatest threat to a republic?
factions
What is meant by the fact that the debate over the Constitution took place in the pre-digital age?
The players were limited.
The founding of America can be defined only as a headlong rush to liberty on the part of an oppressed people.
false
There is no clear consensus as to whether or not the British government acted in an oppressive fashion toward the American colonies prior to 1776.
true
Which of the following norms supports the judicial branch of the U.S. government?
powerful through the application of judicial review
Due to the divisiveness of the issue for early Americans, the Constitution did not use the word slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished it in 1865.
true
Which of the following was one of the ways in which the government attempted to relieve post-war economic hardship?
They printed money.
Which of the following were competing elites in the American colonies during and after the Revolution?
leaders of northern states and leaders of southern states
Why did James Madison believe that factions could be neutralized in larger territories?
There would be so many factions that none of them would become the majority.
The authors of your textbook seek to understand American government in terms of which of the following?
winners and losers
What was the Boston Tea Party?
a colonial protest that sent hundreds of barrels of tea into the Boston Harbor
Which of the following is an example of a governmental system that has separation of powers?
a bicameral legislature in a democracy
What is the irony in James Madison advocating for the United States Constitution’s federal system of government in the Federalist Papers?
He viewed the federal system as a solution to factions, but factions are empowered by the ability to influence different levels of government.
What lesson from their colonial experience did the founders apply in the Articles of Confederation?
fair treatment of all states
Because it called for the number of congressional representatives to be determined by population, the Virginia Plan favored which of the following?
larger, populous states
Generally speaking, one major group of elites dominated the establishment of the United States of America.
false
The consent of the citizenry allows democratic societies to do which of the following?
maintain public order
How did the Boston Massacre impact public sentiment as it related to Great Britain?
It inflamed anti-British sentiment.
The process of transferring power from the federal government to the states is known as ______.
devolution
What impact did the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have on the process of devolution?
They helped reverse the process.
Which entity has preserved sovereign authority under a confederal system, like that of the United States under the Articles of Confederation?
local units
What impact does federalism have on local prejudices?
It often allows for them to make their way into the law.
In the United States, the political system that divides authority between the national and state levels is called ______.
federalism
Which amendment assigns all powers that are not explicitly given to the national government to the states?
tenth
The ______ is used to authorize legislative powers not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
necessary and proper clause
The Constitution categorizes powers under federalism as national, state, and ______.
concurrent
Which chief justice of the Supreme Court wanted to grow the power of the federal government in the early years of the republic?
John marshall
The Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) favored more power for the federal government.
true
The Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) favored more power for the states.
true
The powers of the national and state governments as outlined in the Constitution have resulted in more ______ over the years.
flexibility
Under President Franklin Roosevelt, the relationship between nation and state become more ______.
cooperative
How did Justice John Marshall interpret the necessary and proper clause?
Congress has the power to do what is appropriate.
When a state declares that a federal law is not valid, this is called ______.
nullification
Which of the following can the federal government use to influence the states?
categorical grant
Since 2009, the Republican Party strongly ______.
opposes federal power
What is the meaning of the term unfunded mandate?
federal order requiring states pay for programs created at the federal level
______ federalism occurs when states are pressured to adopt national solutions to local problems.
Coercive
Note 
Flashcard (117)