pols 206 midterm

why is the Supreme Court ruling in Brandenburg vs Ohio significant?

imminent lawless action

how do seperationist differ from accommodationist?

separationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than accommodationists.

what amendment upholds the exclusionary rule?

four amendment

which branch of the government did the founders expect to be most important?

congress

what is the lemon test?

determines whether a government law or action meets the requirements of the establishment clause

those who tend to favor a limited government are known as what?

economic conservative

In a socialist economy economic decisions are determined by what or whom

?

the government

A protestor who burns his or her American flag during an anti war demonstration is trafficking and what?

symbolic speech

When colonists paid taxes on playing cards it was due to the regulations enforced under which act?

stamp act. of 1765

 Sedition refers to sexual speech that has no significant literary, or artistic, political or scientific value. true or false

false

A Totalitarian government combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy t/f

true

What is article 3

?

Establishes the Supreme Court

3 core values of American political culture are

?

liberty, equality, and democracy.

The legal process of requiring citizenship for a person who was not born in the US is known as

naturalization

Market determines economic decisions in a socialist economy t/f

false

Which Supreme Court case did an expand federal power over interstate commerce by ruling New York did not have the ability to create a steam ship monopoly on the Hudson River (what Supreme Court case dealt with interstate commerce)

gibbons v ogden

What is the establishment clause

prohibits the government from "establishing" a religion

What was the great compromise

the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population).

Individuals coming to the US seeking asylum are known as what

asylee

What is written defamation of character

A condition that exists when a person makes a statement with either knowledge of its falsity or a reckless disregard for the truth.

Why is Griswold vs. Connecticut significant

marked the beginning of an era of change for sexual and reproductive rights in the United States.

Non citizens retain some rights in a democracy t/f

true

What is the defining characteristic of fighting words

words said by one individual to another & "which by utterance inflict or trend to incite an imminent breach of peace."

What political event do many young Republicans feel they will see in their lifetimes?

a civil war

What are directives that specify how resources will be distributed or what procedures govern collective activity?

rules

Who would primarily be concerned with how society’s wealth is distributed?

economists

The informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems are ______.

norms

Which establishes a system in which the state holds all power over the social order?

authoritarian government

Which establishes a system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior?

authorities capitalism

A political system in which the government exercises absolute power over every aspect of life is an example of which of the following?

totalitarian

A child born in 2005 who is proficient in, and dependent upon, digital technology is an example of which of the following?

digital native

Who are those for whom most personal and commercial relationships, recreational and professional activities, and communication with others all pass through third-party channels?

mediated citizens

What form of political engagement occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue?

hashtag activism

The United States, where decisions are made through representatives of the people, is an example of which of the following?

republic

What is the process of acquiring citizenship for someone who has not acquired it by birth?

naturalization

Who is empowered by Congress to exercise authority in all immigration matters for both legal and undocumented immigrants to this country?

united states citizenship and immigration services

Who are citizens or subjects of one country who move to another country to live or work?

immigrants

Who are individuals who flee from an area or country because of persecution on the basis of race, nationality, religion, group membership, or political opinion?

refugees

What are the central ideas, principles, or standards that most people agree are important?

values

Which term describes beliefs and values about how things should be or what people ought to do rather (than what actually is)?

normative

Which reflects the belief that what is good for society is based on what is good for individuals?

individualism

Someone who advocates for a limited government and who is cautious about change would be classified as a ______.

conservative

What describes the need to break down politics into its component parts in order to be understood?

analysis

Which document determines who gets what in American politics?

the constitution

what year was the Boston massacre

1770

what year was the declaration of independence

1776

what year was the first continental congress

1774

what year was the Boston tea party

1773

Where did the founding principle of “all men are by nature equal” first come from?

Locke’s Second Treatise on Government

What was the event that led to the first shots of the Revolutionary War?

the attempt by British authorities to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock

Which statement is true about the French and Indian War?

It was a 9-year conflict between the British and French for control of North America.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

America’s first Constitution

How did the Articles of Confederation contribute to economic instability in post-revolution America?

High state taxes depressed the economy.

Which group of people participated in Shays’ Rebellion as an act of defiance against the new government?

farmers

Why did the delegates from some states want enslaved people to count as part of their states’ populations?

Slave-owning states would get more power in the House of Representatives without having to let enslaved people vote.

What mode of government, devised as a compromise during the Constitutional Convention, divides power between central and regional units?

federalism

What did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention have in common?

wealth

The Senate is part of which branch of the federal government?

Legislative Branch

Who argued that dividing power between the executive, legislature, and judiciary branches was necessary to prevent one person or group from being able to topple the entire system?

Baron de Montesquieu

Why are checks and balances and the separation of powers so important to the American system of government?

They prevent the corruption and abuses of one branch from bringing down the government.

What norm is necessary to make the system of checks and balances in the U.S. government work?

The branches have to make it work in order for it to work.

What statement characterizes the Federalist approach to government?

The tendency to form factions should be counteracted by the mechanical elements of politics.

Why did the original draft of the Constitution not contain a Bill of Rights?

It was viewed as redundant and irrelevant.

What did James Madison argue was the greatest threat to a republic?

factions

What is meant by the fact that the debate over the Constitution took place in the pre-digital age?

The players were limited.

The founding of America can be defined only as a headlong rush to liberty on the part of an oppressed people.

false

There is no clear consensus as to whether or not the British government acted in an oppressive fashion toward the American colonies prior to 1776.

true

Which of the following norms supports the judicial branch of the U.S. government?

powerful through the application of judicial review

Due to the divisiveness of the issue for early Americans, the Constitution did not use the word slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished it in 1865.

true

Which of the following was one of the ways in which the government attempted to relieve post-war economic hardship?

They printed money.

Which of the following were competing elites in the American colonies during and after the Revolution?

leaders of northern states and leaders of southern states

Why did James Madison believe that factions could be neutralized in larger territories?

There would be so many factions that none of them would become the majority.

The authors of your textbook seek to understand American government in terms of which of the following?

winners and losers

What was the Boston Tea Party?

a colonial protest that sent hundreds of barrels of tea into the Boston Harbor

Which of the following is an example of a governmental system that has separation of powers?

a bicameral legislature in a democracy

What is the irony in James Madison advocating for the United States Constitution’s federal system of government in the Federalist Papers?

He viewed the federal system as a solution to factions, but factions are empowered by the ability to influence different levels of government.

What lesson from their colonial experience did the founders apply in the Articles of Confederation?

fair treatment of all states

Because it called for the number of congressional representatives to be determined by population, the Virginia Plan favored which of the following?

larger, populous states

Generally speaking, one major group of elites dominated the establishment of the United States of America.

false

The consent of the citizenry allows democratic societies to do which of the following?

maintain public order

How did the Boston Massacre impact public sentiment as it related to Great Britain?

It inflamed anti-British sentiment.

The process of transferring power from the federal government to the states is known as ______.

devolution

What impact did the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have on the process of devolution?

They helped reverse the process.

Which entity has preserved sovereign authority under a confederal system, like that of the United States under the Articles of Confederation?

local units

What impact does federalism have on local prejudices?

It often allows for them to make their way into the law.

In the United States, the political system that divides authority between the national and state levels is called ______.

federalism

Which amendment assigns all powers that are not explicitly given to the national government to the states?

tenth

The ______ is used to authorize legislative powers not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

necessary and proper clause

The Constitution categorizes powers under federalism as national, state, and ______.

concurrent

Which chief justice of the Supreme Court wanted to grow the power of the federal government in the early years of the republic?

John marshall

The Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) favored more power for the federal government.

true

The Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) favored more power for the states.

true

The powers of the national and state governments as outlined in the Constitution have resulted in more ______ over the years.

flexibility

Under President Franklin Roosevelt, the relationship between nation and state become more ______.

cooperative

How did Justice John Marshall interpret the necessary and proper clause?

Congress has the power to do what is appropriate.

When a state declares that a federal law is not valid, this is called ______.

nullification

Which of the following can the federal government use to influence the states?

categorical grant

Since 2009, the Republican Party strongly ______.

opposes federal power

What is the meaning of the term unfunded mandate?

federal order requiring states pay for programs created at the federal level

______ federalism occurs when states are pressured to adopt national solutions to local problems.

Coercive