bio-335 module 9 flashcards

Valvulo

Valve

Atrio

Atrium

Septo

Septum

Ventriculo

Ventricle

Cardio

Heart

Corono

Heart

Aorto

Aorta

Arterio

Artery

Athero

Fatty plaque

Phlebo

Vein

Veno

Vein

Angina pectoris

Oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

Dysrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common term)

Diaphoresis

Profuse sweating

Hemorrhage

Loss of blood

Endocardium

Tissue lining the inside of the heart

Epicardium

Tissue lining the outside of the heart

Myocardium

Heart muscle tissue

Pericardium

Tissue around the heart

Bradycardia

Slow heartbeat

Cardiomegaly

Enlarged heart

Cardiotoxic

Poisonous to the heart

Cyanosis

Blush appearance to the skin - a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen

Murmur

Abnormal heart sound

Tachycardia

Rapid heartbeat

Vena cava

Large diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

Inferior vena cava

Portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

Superior vena cava

Portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from upper portion of the body (head and arms)

Angiogenesis

Development of blood vessels

Aortic stenosis

Narrowing of aorta

Arteriorsclerosis

Hardening of an artery

Atherogenesis (ic)

Formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of an artery due to build-up of fatty plaque

Embolus

Mass or matter present in blood

Embolism

Blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

Ischemia

Blockage of blood flow to an organ

Occlusion

Closing or blockage of a passage

Thrombus

Blood clot

Varicose veins

An enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

Vasospasm

Involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

Venostasis

Trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression
This name refers not to the fact that blood is trapped but instead to the fact that the blood is standing still and not moving

Angiogram

Record of the blood vessels

Arteriogram

Record of an artery

Aortogram

Record of the aorta

Cardiac catheterization

Process of inserting tude (catheter) into the heart
By passing tube through arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major heart surgery

Echocardiogram

Image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women but instead it is performed on the heart

Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)

Record of the electrical currents of the heart

Sonography

Use of sound waves to produced diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

Stress electrocardiogram

Records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress

Transesophageal echocardiogram

Record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

Venogram

Record of a vein

Diastolic pressure

Pressure exerted on blood vessel when heart is relaxed

Systolic pressure

Pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

Coronary circulation

Circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)

Pulmonary circulation

Circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

Systemic circulation

Circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Phlebotomist

specialist in veins who draws blood

Phlebotomy

the surgical opening or __puncture__ of a __vein__ in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid

Atrial fibrillation

Quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

Cardiac arrest

Cessation of functional circulation

Congestive cardiomyopathy

Heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of the blood

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

heart cavity is unable to pump all blood out (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

Carditis

Inflammation of the heart

Congenital heart defect

Flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

Congestive heart failure

Heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

Coronary thrombosis

Obstructuion of a coronary artery by a clot

Myocardial infarction

Death of heart muscle tissue
The term infarction originally referred to a blocked blood vessel, but it came to refer to the death of tissue resulting from the blockage

Myocardial ischemia

Blockage of blood to the heart muscle

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Pericardial effusion

Fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the tissue around the heart

Valvulitis

Inflammation of a heart valve

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

Aneurysm

Bulge in blood vessel

Angioedema

Swelling of the blood vessels

Aortic aneurysm

Bulging or swelling of the aorta

Aortic regurgitation

Flow of blood backward from aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Phlebitis

Inflammation of the veins

Antianginal

Drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris

Antiarrhythmic

Drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat

Anticoagulant

Drug that opposes the coagulation of blood

Thrombolytic

Drug that breaks down clots

Vasoconstrictor

Drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasopressor

Drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasodilator

Drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Basic life support
Does not actually resuscitate an unconscious patient
Through artificial breathing and chest compression, an unresponsive patient's blood circulates and is kept oxygenated until further steps can be taken

Cardiothoracic surgery

Surgery that involves cutting through the patient's chest to get to the heart

Cardioversion

Returning a heart to normal rhythm

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

Pericardiocentesis

Puncture of the tissue around the heart

Anastomosis

Creation of an opening between two normally separate structures

Angioplasty

Surgical reconstruction of a vessel

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of the inside of an artery