anatomy final

superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

ventral

front

dorsal

toward the back

medial

toward the middle

lateral

Away from the midline of the body

proximal

close to the point of attachment of the limb

distal

farther away from the point of attachment

superficial

on or near the surface

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

3 categories of blood

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

what determines the color of blood

Oxygen

lymphocytes

most important in body immunity

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

visible properties of an organism

the only fluid tissue in body

blood

formed elements of blood

living blood cells

plasma

blood matrix

what % of blood volume does plasma hold

55%?

what becomes visible during blood clotting

fibrin

buffy coat

thin white layer that is between rbc and plasma

function of leukocytes

protection against disease

function of platelets

stop bleeding

hematocrit

blood fraction

plasma proteins

most abundant solutes in plasma

erythrocytes

red blood cells

function of erythrocytes

transport oxygen

anemia

lacking rbc

Polycythemia

increase in rbc

leukocytes

white blood cells

first step of hemostasis

vascular spasm

second step of hemostasis

platelet plug formation

third step in hemostasis

coagulation

flexion

bringing 2 bones closer to each other

extension

bringing 2 bones further away from each other

hyperextention

Excessive straightening of a body part

Rotation

moving along the axis

Circumduction

moving in a circle

abduction

moving away from the midline of the body

adduction

moving toward the midline of the body

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

plantar flexion

pointing toes

Supination

turning the palm upward

pronation

turning the palm downward

opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the finger

frontalis muscle function

allows frowning, raising eyebrows, and wrinkling head

frontalis muscle location

forehead

occipitals muscle location

posterior end of frontalis, covers the posterior part of the skull

Occipitals muscle function

pulls the scalp posteriorly

orbicularis oculi location

around the eye

orbicularis oculi function

blinks and closes eyes

orbicularis oris function

kissing muscle

Oribicularis Oris location

lips

Buccinator location

cheek

buccinator function

compresses cheeks to whistle

zygomaticus muscle location

corner of mount to cheeks

zygomaticus muscle function

smiling :)))

masseter location

jaw

masseter function

allows us to bite

temporalis muscle

Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward.

Sternomastoid location

neck

sternomastoid function

turns head

pectoralis major location

upper part of the chest

pectoralis major function

acts to adduct and flex arms

intercostal muscles location

between the ribs

intercostal muscles function

breathing

rectus abdominis location

centrally located muscle of abdomen

rectus abdominis function

flexes vertebral column

external obliques location

sides of abdomen

external obliques function

trunk rotation

internal obliques location

deep to external obliques

internal obliques functions

same functions as external obliques

transverse abdominis location

deepest muscle of abdominal wall

Trapezius location

the upper back

Trapezius function

extends the head and allows shrugging shoulders

latissimus dorsi location

lower back

latissimus dorsi function

extends and adducts humerus

erector spinae location

entire length of vertebral column

erector spinae function

extends back

Deltoid location

shoulder

deltoid function

abducts arm

flexor carpi radialis and digitorium location

anterior forearm

flexor carpi radialis and digitorium function

flex fingers and wrist

extensor carpi digitorium location and function.

posterior forearm. flex elbow

biceps brachii location

upper arm (anterior)

biceps brachii function

flexes elbow and supinates forearm

brachialis location

deep to biceps

brachialis function

flexes elbow

brachiodialis location

inserts into forarm

Brachioradialis function

flexes forearm

triceps brachii location

posterior upper arm

triceps brachii function

extends elbow

gluteus maximus location

the outer butt muscle

gluteus maximus function

extends hip

gluteus medius location

deep to gluteus maximus

gluteus medius function

abducts thigh and hips

Iliposas muscle location

deep in pelvis, from iliac bone to lower vertebrae

iliposas function

flexes hips

adductor muscles location

anterior and medial thigh

adductor muscles function

adduct thigh