GCSU GA HISTORY EXAM FULL

Abraham Baldwin

moved to Georgia in 1784, held many political offices, and was very instrumental in obtaining the charter for the University of Georgia; played a pivotal role in the Constitutional Convention in 1787, and was one of the two Georgians to sign the final document

William Few

fought in the Battle of Burke County Jail, served in the state legislative sessions, and took part in the 1777 constitutional convention; in 1780 he was elected to the Continental Congress

George Mathews

veteran of the Continental army during the Revolutionary War (1775-83); after moving to Georgia he quickly rose to service as a state legislator, governor, and member of the U.S. Congress

George Troup

served in both the Georgia and U.S. House of Representatives; twice elected to the U.S. Senate; also served as governor of Georgia

Josiah Meigs

an American academic, journalist and government official; president of UGA from 1801 - 1810

Eli Whitney

American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin (one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South)

John Milledge

held positions as governor, congressman for four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, and president pro tempore in the U.S. Senate; principal figure in the organization of the University of Georgia (on the committee that decided the location of the institution, and he later purchased and donated the land on which the university and the town of Athens now stand)

William Harris Crawford

prepared one of the early digests of Georgia law; elected to the Georgia State Senate, then the U.S. Senate - where he rose to the position of President pro tempore; also served as minister to France and Secretary of War under President James Madison, then was appointed Secretary of the Treasury

John Forsyth

attorney general of Georgia; served in the United States House of Representatives and Senate on two separate occasions; governor of Georgia; minister to Spain; U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren

George Gilmer

fought in the War of 1812 and concurrent Indian campaigns; served in the Georgia and U.S. House of Representatives; governor of Georgia during the Cherokee Indian Removal (Trail of Tears)

Wilson Lumpkin

served in both the Georgia and U.S. House of Representatives, as governor of Georgia, and as a U.S. Senator; acted as U.S. Commissioner to the Cherokee Indians, and member of the commission to finalize Georgia/Florida boundary; one of the founders of the Western and Atlantic Railroad

Howell Cobb

served as congressman, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, governor of Georgia, and secretary of the treasury; following Georgia's secession from the Union in 1861, he served as president of the Provisional Confederate Congress (1861-62) and a major general of the Confederate army

Herschel Johnson

twice served as a judge in Georgia; served one term each as a U.S. Senator and as governor of Georgia; unsuccessful candidate for Vice President in 1860; served as a Georgia Senator in the Confederate Congress

Alexander Stephens

play a pivotal role in many of the political crises of his time, including the Civil War; while personally opposed to slavery (calling it "that abominable human tragedy"), he was also an ardent supporter of states' rights -- which led him to defend slavery when other politicians attacked the institution

Robert Toombs

one of the most ardent secessionists in the U.S. Senate, helped to lead Georgia out of the Union on the eve of the Civil War

Joseph Brown

Civil War governor of Georgia; one of the most successful politicians in the state's history

John Ross

principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1827; presided over the nation during the apex of its development in the Southeast, the tragic Trail of Tears, and the subsequent rebuilding of the nation in Indian Territory

Major and John Ridge

led the Cherokee "Treaty Party," which signed a removal agreement at New Echota in 1835; all four leaders were marked for execution by members of the John Ross party in 1839

Sequoyah

creator of the Cherokee syllabary

Elias Boudinot

formally educated Cherokee who became the editor of the Cherokee Phoenix, the first Native American newspaper in the United States

Augustus Baldwin Longstreet

published Georgia's first important literary work, Georgia Scenes, Characters, Incidents, Etc. in the First Half Century of the Republic

Crawford W. Long

first to perform surgeries using sulfuric ether anesthesia

Braxton Bragg

career United States Army officer, and then a general in the Confederate States Army—a principal commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and later the military adviser to the Confederate President Jefferson Davis

Joseph E. Johnston

a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War

William Tecumseh Sherman

served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States

Henry Wirz

a Swiss-born Confederate officer in the American Civil War; best known for his command of Camp Sumter, the Confederate prisoner of war camp near Andersonville, Georgia; he was tried and executed after the war for conspiracy and murder relating to his command of the camp

Charles J. Jenkins

one of the authors of the "Georgia Platform" endorsing the Compromise of 1850; unsuccessful vice presidential candidate; served on the Georgia Supreme Court and later as governor of Georgia

Rufus Bullock

first Republican governor; became the most hated man in the state during Reconstruction and was forced from office by the Ku Klux Klan; later he became president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and master of ceremonies at the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition in 1895

John B. Gordon

one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted Confederate generals during the American Civil War; after the war, he was a strong opponent of Reconstruction and is thought by some to have been the titular leader of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia during the late 1860s

Alfred Terry

strong opponent of the Ku Klux Klan after being assigned as the last military governor of the Third Military District, based in Atlanta

Jefferson Long

Georgia's first African American congressman and the first African American to speak on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives

William Jefferson White

an Augusta Baptist minister, cabinetmaker and journalist who founded the Augusta Theological Institute

Bishop Henry McNeal Turner

a pioneering church organizer and missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in Georgia, later rising to the rank of bishop; also an active politician and Reconstruction-era state legislator from Macon & he became an outspoken advocate of back-to-Africa emigration

Gustavus J Orr

early proponent of the public education system of Georgia; his work promoting a state system of education eventually became the framework for the Georgia School Law of 1870

Sidney Lanier

contributed significantly to the arts in nineteenth-century America; his accomplishments as a poet, novelist, composer, and critic reflect his eclectic interests, and his melodic celebrations of Georgia's terrain are among his most widely read poems

William Felton

an American politician, army surgeon, and Methodist minister

Rebecca Latimer Felton

first woman to serve on the United States Senate, albeit only for one day

Hoke Smith

trial attorney and publisher of the Atlanta Journal, was most influential as the leader of Georgia's Progressive movement during his years as governor (1907-9, 1911) and as a U.S. senator (1911-21)

Thomas E. Watson

in his early years he was characterized as a liberal but he emerged as a force for white supremacy and anti-Catholic rhetoric; elected to the Georgia General Assembly (1882), the U.S. House of Representatives (1890), and the U.S. Senate (1920)

John Marshall Slaton

Georgia's sixtieth governor, serving two terms, in 1911-12 and 1913-15; he was also a state representative and state senator, and he practiced law in Atlanta

Leo Frank

Jewish-American factory superintendent whose murder conviction and extrajudicial hanging in 1915 by a lynch mob planned and led by prominent citizens in Marietta, Georgia, drew attention to questions of antisemitism in the United States

Joel Chandler Harris

gained national prominence for his numerous volumes of Uncle Remus folktales; hid long-standing legacy as a "progressive conservative" New South journalist, folklorist, fiction writer, and children's author continues to influence our society today

Henry Grady

rose to prominence as a journalist, eventually becoming managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution; encouraged industrial growth and more diverse farming for the "New South" following the Civil War; deliverd famous "New South" speech in New York in 1886

Booker T. Washington

African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States; dominant leader in the African-American community as a part of the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery; became the leading voice of the disfranchised former slaves newly oppressed by the discriminatory laws enacted in the post reconstruction Southern states

WEB DuBois

African American educator, historian, sociologist, and social activist who poignantly addressed the issues of racial discrimination, black social problems, and world peace during the first half of the twentieth century

Alonzo Herndon

founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the most successful black-owned insurance businesses in the nation

Asa Candler

founder of the Coca-Cola Company, was also a banker and real estate developer and was noted for his philanthropy

Martha Berry

an American educator and the founder of Berry College

Juliette Gordon Low

founder of Girl Scouts of the USA

Walter George

served Georgia as a Democratic United States Senator; became one of the most influential senators of his time, even gracing the cover of Time magazine; while he opposed Franklin D. Roosevelt's nomination for President in 1932, he supported several of his early New Deal programs

Richard Russell Sr

served Georgia as a state legislator and appeals court justice before being elected chief justice of the state supreme court in 1922; upon his death in 1938 his fellow supreme court justices said that "considering what was done by him directly, together with the forces he influenced, few, if any, other men have left or will ever leave such an imprint on the life of this state."

Eugene Talmadge

during his three terms as state commissioner of agriculture and three terms as governor, his personality and actions polarized voters in the state's one-party politics of that era (leading critic of the New Deal in the South)

Eurith D. Rivers

in his first term as governor, he brought a "Little New Deal" to Georgia and presided over a significant expansion of state services; by the end of his second term, his administration were awash in charges of corruption

Erskine Caldwell

author with the intent on depicting life among the lowly in Georgia and the rest of the South, and his concern for the less fortunate—poor whites and blacks—shines in his great novels and short stories of the 1930s

Caroline Miller

first Georgian to win the Pulitzer Prize for fiction

Margaret Mitchell

an American author and journalist; one novel by Mitchell was published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel, Gone with the Wind

Arthur Raper

exposed Georgia's racial and economic inequities at a time when it could be professionally risky to oppose southern practices and customs

Lillian Smith

writer and social critic of the Southern United States, known best for her best-selling novel Strange Fruit

Robert Woodruff

managed the Coca-Cola Company for five decades; moved the company, in financial straits when he took control, into the ranks of a world-renowned corporation and one of the best-known and most widely distributed products; practiced a lifetime of civic-minded philanthropy, most of it anonymously, and exerted a powerful influence on Atlanta's business, cultural, and political development in the twentieth century

Charles Herty

an internationally recognized chemist who revolutionized the southern forestry and naval stores industry; during his years at UGA, he also contributed to the development of collegiate athletics

Bobby Jones

amateur golfer, and a lawyer by profession; most successful amateur golfer ever to compete on a national and international level (dominating top-level amateur competition, and competing very successfully and beating the world's best professional golfers even completing golf's grand slam; after retiring from competitive golf he founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament

Ellis Arnall

his four years as governor of Georgia (1943-47) are considered to be among the most progressive and effective in the modern history of the state; he undertook an ambitious ten-point reform program that was approved by the legislature within twenty-four days of his assuming the governorship (a record still unequalled in Georgia); he also paid off a state debt of $36 million

Marvin Griffin

governor of Georgia (1955 to 1959); one of the first governors to serve as a "good will ambassador" to attract industries to Georgia; also a segregationist and promised to close the state's public school system if federal authorities tried to enforce desegregation

Ernest Vandiver

governor of Georgia (1959 to 1963); proved successful in fulfilling his campaign promise to remove the blight on Georgia, perpetuated by and associated with the administration of his predecessor Marvin Griffin; under his leadership the legislature implemented sweeping changes in Georgia's segregation policies and revised the county unit system for nominating officeholders; also without increasing the state's tax base, he made significant improvements in the areas of services, building programs, tourism, business and industrial development, educational expansion, and mental health

Carl Sanders

Georgia's first New South governor, who provided progressive leadership for the state from 1963 to 1967; by implementing an array of reforms during a turbulent period, he greatly enhanced Georgia's national image

Lester Maddox

governor (1966 - 1970); brought to office by widespread dissatisfaction with desegregation, he surprised many by serving as an able and unquestionably colorful chief executive

Jimmy Carter (President)

served as the 39th President of the United States (1977-1981) and created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education; was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office

Jimmy Carter (Governor)

governor (1971-1975); proponent of desegregation and the end of discrimination, improved government efficiency by merging about 300 state agencies into 30 agencies, and proposed the end of the death penalty in Georgia (changing it to life in prison)

Howard "Bo"Calloway

first Republican congressman from Georgia since 1875

Richard Russell Jr

served in public office for fifty years as a state legislator, governor of Georgia, and U.S. senator; although he was best known for his efforts to strengthen the national defense and to oppose civil rights legislation, he favored his role as advocate for the small farmer and for soil and water conservation

Sam Nunn

represented Georgia for twenty-four years in the U.S. Senate, where he distinguished himself by his passion for legislation concerning public policy, foreign affairs, and citizen participation; he continues to serve on many national organizations and boards that further these interests

Carl Vinson

a United States Representative; first person to serve for more than 50 years in the United States House of Representatives; known as "The Father of the Two-Ocean Navy"

Flannery O'Connor

an American writer and essayist; an important voice in American literature, O'Connor wrote two novels and 32 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries; wrote in a Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on regional settings and grotesque characters while reflecting her own Roman Catholic faith, and frequently examined questions of morality and ethics

Carson McCullers

an American writer of novels, short stories, plays, essays, and poetry; her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, explores the spiritual isolation of misfits and outcasts of the U.S. South; other novels have similar themes and are all set in the South

Alice Walker

an American author, poet, self-claimed womanist, and activist.; wrote the critically acclaimed novel The Color Purple (1982) for which she won the National Book Award] and the Pulitzer Prize

James Dickey

an American poet and novelist; he was appointed the eighteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress and received the Order of the South award

Maynard Jackson

the first African American mayor of Atlanta, serving three terms

Andrew Young

an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor; served as the Mayor of Atlanta, a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, and United States Ambassador to the United Nations

Cathy Cox

former Secretary of State of Georgia and a candidate for Governor of Georgia in 2006; also was chosen as the 21st president of Young Harris College

Jessye Norman

an Grammy award-winning contemporary opera singer and recitalist, and is a successful performer of classical music

Ray Charles

singer-songwriter, musician and composer; a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records

Majority of native American Indians in Georgia at the time of English colonization were:

creek

Which was NOT an important reason for the founding of Georgia in 1733

to provide a place to send debtors and other convicts to get them out of britain

Significance of battle of Bloody March in 1740's during War of Jenkins' Ear was that it ended in chances for

Spanish

Georgia was founded by

King Charles II

Most influential person in founding and settling of GA

James Oglethrope

Raw materials that the English government wanted colonial Georgia to produce

Silk

Which is true of Georgia in American Revolution

Savannah fell to British by end of 1778

During earlier phase of American Revolution, Georgia unsuccessfully tried to launch attacks against

Royal governor in savannah

Georgia lost its western land, now Alabama and Mississippi, because of

Yazoo Land Fraud

Major croup introduced in Georgia back country about the Revolution

Rice

After 1803, most Georgia's land was granted by

Headright system

Georgia Indians who began to adopt Euro American civilization in the 1800 were:

Cherokee

In antebellum period Georgia decided to base most of its transportations system on

Railroads

One of the few emerging industries in antebellum Georgia was

Textiles

Before the Civil War three-fifths of Georgia's families owned

At least one slave

Which towns were founded because of their location at the fall lines of major rivers:

Macon and Augusta

Free blacks in Georgia before the Civil war worked in all the following occupations except

Seamstresses

All the colleges were founded in pre-civil war era except

Morehouse

The capital of Georgia in the antebellum period was

Millidgeville