Speech Sound Development Quiz

natural phonology

concept that children are born with processes necessary to produce speech

phonological processes

simplified patterns of adult speech children use to produce speech

weak syllable deletion

syllable structure process

omission of weak syllable either before or after stressed syllable in word

suppressed by 4:0

ex- computer —→ puter

syllable structure processes

weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, reduplication, cluster reduction

final consonant deletion

syllable structure process

child omits final consonant (usually to reduce to CV)

usually begin to use final consonants by 3:0

suppressed by 3:6

ex- cup ——> cu

reduplication

syllable structure process

child reduplicates syllable

total or partial

suppressed by 2:6

ex- cookie ——> coo-coo; water ——> wa-wa

total reduplication

repeats entire syllable in word

partial reduplication

repeats only consonant or vowel in word

cluster reduction

syllable structure process

1 or more consonants deleted from consonant cluster

more natural consonant of cluster heard in sound

suppressed by 4:0 or 5:0

ex- spider —→ pider; strawberry ——> sawberry

substitution processes

stopping

fronting

deaffrication

gliding

vocalization

stopping

substitution process

replace fricative or affricate with plosive stop

usually when phoneme has similar place of artic as stop

suppressed by 4:0 or 5:0

ex- soap ——> toop; fan ——> pan

fronting

substitution process

replace velar/palatal with alveolar

suppressed by 2:6 to 3:0

ex- cow —→ tow; gate——> date

deaffrication

substitution process

replace affricate with fricative

suppressed by 4:0

ex- cheer —→ sheer

gliding

substitution process

liquid replaced with glide

suppressed between 2:0 and 5:0

ex- ride —→ wide; lake —→ yoke

vocalization

substitution process

replacement of postvocalic r or l with vowel

derhotacization of postvocalic r and central vowels

leads to decrease in r coloring

could also still produce l in final position but insert vowel before final l (stil —> stiol)

ex- other —→ othoo; perch —→ pawch

assimilatory process

phoneme production altered bc of phonetic context

suppressed by 3:0

labial, alveolar, velar, voicing

labial assimilation

assimilatory process

phoneme altered to have labial place bc another labial place in word

symbol looking like disney d (wh in whew)- not used in English but can be inserted into labial assimilation

ex- back —→ bacp

would —→ woulb

alveolar assimilation

assimilatory process

alveolar replaces another phoneme bc of phonetic context

ex- dream —→ drean

velar assimilation

assimilatory process

velar place replaces another phoneme bc of phonetic context

ex- cab —> cak

marker —→ karker

voicing assimliation

assimilatory process

prevocalic voicing

devoicing

prevocalic voicing

voicing assimilation

unvoiced consonant voiced, usually when consonant precedes nucleus and takes on characteristic of voiced nucleus

ex- pay —→ bay

peach —→ beach

devoicing

voiced consonant produced unvoiced

phoneme precedes pause or in final part of utterance so takes on silence characteristic 

dig —> tig

boy —→ poy

p

speech sounds developed by 2

b, t, d, k, g, m, n, ng, f, h, y, w

speech sounds developed by 3

v, s, z, sh, ch, j, l

speech sounds developed by 4

th (voiced), zh, r

speech sounds developed by 5

th (voiceless)

speech sounds developed by 6