linguistics syntax check

Intransitive (VIT)

does not require a direct object
S+V

ex: the snake hissed

copular (VC)

*if you can replace the verb with to be (be, seem, become, feel, look)

S+V+SP (SP= immediately follows verb and tells what the subject is/does) OR

S+V+PP:Adverbial

ex: the snake seemed dangerous

the snake was around the kids shoulders

monotransitive (VMT)

*requires a direct object

S+V+DO

ex: tommy held the snake

ditransitive (VDT)

*requires a direct and indirect object

S+V+IO+DO

I paid the photographer $10

complex transitive (VCT)

S+ V+ DO + OP (object predicate-word/phrase after DO that gives more info)

i cant get this milk open

auxilary verbs: primary and modal

primary: acts as main verb “do, is have, be, am, are, was been, being”

modal: helping words “will, can, must, could, should)

NP, VP, AdjP, PP, AdvP

Noun phrase: the mess in his bedroom

Verb phrase: ran quickly

adjective phrase: totally wrong

prepositional phrase: under the table

adverb phrase: very quickly

LVP

long verb phrase

ex: has been working

ex: could have been playing

NP: Advl

noun phrase specifies manner (w/a hammer) place (nextdoor) time (over the holidays) frequency (every month) purpose (for his mother)

NP: Sj

doer of the action

my sister and i went to the park

pronouns

he she i we us them etc

determiners

the, a, this, that, number, my, your, some, few, every

Np: DO

direct object

indicates entity affected by the action or verb

he bought the kids biscuits

Np: IO

Indirect object

occurs after ditransitive verbs and before the DO

indicates people receiving or benefiting from action/verb

i cooked the kids dinner

advH adjH

if theres two adjs or two advs or two anything write H to indicate its the head

PP

preposition phrase with a NP complement

VP

verb phrase with a noun phrase complement

progressive verb v perfect verb

progressive: ing (studying, teaching, eating)

perfect: have (present), had (past)

Pure intersection

adjective meaning is independent of noun (e.g. wooden table)

Relative intersection

adjective meaning is relativized to noun (e.g. big mouse vs big mountain)

Non-Intersection

hypothetical/uncertain (possible solution, alleged thief, potential threat,

• imaginary (e.g., "imaginary friend" — does not exist)

• former (e.g., "former teacher" — not currently a teacher)

• fake, impossible, pretend,

anti-intersection

adj contradicts noun, (fake diamond, imitation leather)

subject predicative

object predicative

SP:renames/describes subject, comes after copular verbs (be, seem, become, feel, look)

He became angry.
→ "angry" describes "he".

OP: renames/describes object (We found the movie boring.
→ "boring" describes the object "the movie".)