Enviormental Final Exam

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Which of the following is/was usually transmitted via mosquitos?

Zika

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Which of the following is/was caused a coronavirus?

MERS

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The ____ was/is the deadliest pandemic in modern history, killing up to 100 million people worldwide.

1918 Spanish flu

 

Which of the following is/was usually transmitted via mosquitos?

Malaria

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Which of the following has the highest fatality rate, killing about 50% of those who are infected?

Ebola

The highest layer in a forest is called the

canopy

 

Which of the following variables SLOWS the spread of wildfire the most?

moisture

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Which of the following is a resource derived from forests?

timber

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Which of the following best explains forests' crucial role in limiting climate change?

Forests store a lot of carbon that would otherwise end up in the atmosphere

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True or False: The majority of visible sunlight that enters Earth's atmosphere is able to reach Earth's surface.

True

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What is a main difference between visible sunlight and radiant heat energy?

Visible light has more penetrating power than radiant heat

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More greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to

higher global temperatures, because radiant heat is reflected back toward Earth.

Global warming is caused primarily by

more radiant heat being kept near Earth's surface.

 

Clouds

(both of these)

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The primary cause of Amazon Rainforest deforestation is

raising animals for food.

Which of the following contributes to the most greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere?

animal agriculture

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The cash crops contributing to the most rainforest deforestation are (chose two)

palm oil, soybeans

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Nutrient pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus can deplete the amount of oxygen in an area of the ocean leading to "____".

dead zones

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An acre of the world's rainforests are cleared every one ____.

second

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The USA has the world's highest reserves of

coal

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Which of the following is NOT a primary fossil fuel?

Tar

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The combustion of fossil fuels breaks apart ____ bonds and releases ____.

carbon, carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the best explanation for why fossil fuels are considered non-renewable resources?

Fossil fuels take longer to regenerate than they do to consume

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Coal is formed from ____ that lived and died hundreds of millions of years ago.

Trees

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Cooking oils, animal fats, and other organic lipids can generally be used in ____.

deisel engines

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Which of the following is an example of biomass energy?

algae, wood

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Most energy consumption in the USA is derived from

oil

 

Which of the following energy sources does not emit air pollution?

nuclear

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A main concern of nuclear power is

generation of toxic waste

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Most gasoline in the US contains ___% ethanol, an alcohol-based fuel.

10

 

Which of the following was an accident related to nuclear energy?

fukushima, chernobyl, and 3 mile island

Which of the following accidents was the result of an oil tanker shipwreck?

Exxon Valdez

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Which of the following accidents resulted in over 200 million gallons of oil flowing into the Gulf of Mexico?

Deepwater Horizon

Which of the following disasters was deadliest, directly killing 29 people?

Upper Big Branch Mine explosion

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Which of the following accidents resulted from an earthquake and subsequent tsunami?

Fukushima

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Introduced rats, goats, and pigs by colonists have been particularly harmful to _____ ecosystems that lack natural predators.

Island

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Which invasive species has been introduced to non-native waterways through the ballast water of cargo ships?

Zebra mussels

An invasive fungus from East Asia killed nearly every ____ tree in the Eastern USA in the early 1900s.

chestnut

True or False: In order to be considered an 'invasive species', the original population must have been purposely introduced.

False

Which of the following 'invasive' species has shown to be beneficial to US agriculture?

European honeybees

 What percent of all species that have ever lived on Earth are now extinct?

99%

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The leading cause of species extinction is

Habitat loss

___ occurs when a particular population disappears from a given area, but not the entire species globally.

extirpation

There have been ___ previous mass extinctions throughout history. (not including the current human-caused rise in extinction)

5

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Gradual, piecemeal degradation of the existing habitat is known as

habitat fragmentation

Which of the following is native to Massachusetts?

American Bullfrog

How were European Starlings introduced to North America?

Intentionally, because this species was mentioned in a Shakespeare book

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The European Rabbit, which is native to Western Europe (Spain, France) has been introduced all over the world

for hunting purposes

Which of the following was introduced to the United States as an exotic pet?

tegu

Which of the following species were intentionally introduced to control rat populations?

mongoose

 True or False: chemical health hazards can be both naturally-occurring and man-made.

True

BPA mimics a female sex hormone called

estrogen

Approximately ____% of Americans have detectable amounts of BPA within their body.

93

The risk of an earthquake is considered a ____ health hazard.

physical

The risk of being exposed to BPA found in plastics is considered a ____ health hazard.

chemical

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The second-leading cause of lung cancer in the USA is

radon

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Any substance that causes cancer is known as a(n)

carcinogen

Which type of cancer is almost exclusively caused by asbestos exposure?

mesothelioma

Mercury is considered a(n)

neurotoxin

Asbestos was once widely-used as a

building material

 After the discovery of over 88 toxic chemicals buried at Love Canal, state authorities advised ____ to immediately move out of the area.

pregnant women

How did hazardous chemical get introduced to Love Canal?

industrial chemical waste

 In the aftermath of the Love Canal disaster, the Environmental Protection Agency established a program called ____ that sets aside money to test, clean up, and restore hazardous areas.

Superfund

 

About ____ families were eventually evacuated from the Love Canal neighborhood.

700

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Love Canal is a neighborhood of

Niagara Falls, NY

A type of rock that contains usable minerals that can be extracted is known as

ore

Granite is an example of a(n) ____ rock.

igneous

Minerals are NOT found in

clouds

Match the type of rock to the proper description.

formed from the cooling of magma and/or lava- igneous rock

changed by heat and/or pressure- metamorphic

formed from deposition (accumulation of particles)- sedimentary

Yard waste (such as grass clippings) are often decomposed into simple organic substances in a process known as

composting

Trash is often buried underground in a structure called a(n)

landfill

In the context of this unit, MSW is an acronym for

Municipal Solid Waste

About 1/2 of all municipal solid waste

is buried in landfills.

 

True or False: The majority of trash generated in the USA is recycled.

False

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The best place to discard automotive fluids

is to bring it back to the auto parts store

True or False: Fluorescent light bulbs (the spiral ones) can be thrown away with household trash

false

Which of the following is LEAST recyclable?

plastic utensils

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True or False: cardboard egg cartons can be composted.

true

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True or False: plastic grocery bags should be recycled with curbside recycling

false

A golfer who buys a new set of golf clubs every year (even though his/her current golf clubs are perfectly fine) is an example of '____'.

perceived obsolescence

Factory workers being underpaid in order to produce cheap items is an example of '_____'.

externalizing the cost of production

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A computer that is only designed to work for two years is an example of '____'.

planned obsolescence

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True or False: most waste is created at the 'consumer' level of the materials economy.

false

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'_____' is when natural resources are harvested from Earth.

Extraction

Waste-to-energy facilities _____ garbage to produce heat or electricity.

incinerate

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True or False: Desalination is an energy-requiring process

true

 

70% of all consumed water is used for

agriculture

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The diagram below shows a smaller river flowing into a larger river. The smaller river is therefore a(n) _____

tributary

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The majority of 'surface freshwater' is held in

Lakes

Most freshwater on Earth is located in/on

glaciers/sea ice

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Water that is muddy is said to have high

Turbidity

____ provides a buffer that maintains the pH of the water.

Alkalinity

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____ is a measure of calcium and magnesium concentrations in water.

hardness

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Cooley Brook (the stream that runs through Bliss and Laurel Parks) is a tributary of the 

Connecticut River

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____ is a measure of the acidity of water.

pH

The majority of Longmeadow drinking water comes from

Cobble Mountain Reservoir

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To help prevent tooth decay, ____ is/are added to Longmeadow drinking water.

fluoride

The steps in order as water eventually arrives at your faucet in Longmeadow.

first- water collected at a reservoir

second- water is treated (disinfected/filtered) in Westfield

third- water is stored at Provin Mountain in Agawam

fourth- water flows through the Springfield Water and Sewer Commission

 

Only ___ \[number\] northern white rhinos are known to exist.

2

More than ____ species of animals are sold on the illegal market.

5,500