Vet med term chapter 6

digestive system

aka alimentary system

aka gastrointestinal system

the body system that is a long, muscular tube beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus

or/o

stomat/o

mouth

maxilla

bones that are the boundaries of the oral cavity

gnath/o

jaw

prognathia

elongated mandible or a mandible that is overshot

prognathia aka

sow mouth

brachygnathia

shortened mandible

brachygnathia

aka parrot mouth

the lips form the opening to the

oral cavity

liabia

lips

labium

single lip

cheil/o

labi/o

lips

bucc/o

cheek

buccal

pertaining to or directed toward the cheek

palate

forms the roof of the mouth

hard palate

bondy rostral portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane

rug/o

wrinkle or fold

soft palate

flexible caudal portion of the palate

involved in closing off the nasal passage during swallowing

palat/o

palate

tongue

movable muscular organ in the oral cavity used for tasting and processing food, grooming, and articulating sound

gloss/o

lingu/o

tongue

lingual surface

surface of the cheek is the side adjacent to the tongue

dent/o

dent/i

odont/o

teeth

dentition

the teeth as a whole (arranged in the maxillary and mandibular arcades)

deciduous dentition

temporary set of teeth that erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity

decidu/o

shedding

permanent dentition

set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal

incisor

front tooth used for cutting

abbrev: I

canine

long, pointed bone like tooth located between the incisors and premolars

aka fang and cuspid

abbrev: C

premolar

cheeck tooth found between the canine teeth and molars

aka bicuspids (two points)

abbrev: P

molar

most caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding

means grind

abbrev: M

cheeck teeth

premolars and molars

needle teeth

deciduous canines and third incisor of pigs

wolf teeth

rudimentary premolar 1 in horses

milk teeth

first set of teeth

tusks

permanent canine teeth of pigs

carnassial tooth

large, shearing cheek tooth

hypsodont

animals with continuously erupting teeth

enamel

the hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth

cementum

bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

dentin

connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp

tooth pulp

consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue

peridontal ligament

contains collagen fibers that are anchored to teh cementum of the tooth and to the alveolar bone

gingiva

mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining

aka gums

gingiv/o

gums

salivary glands

group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes

pharynx

the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gasrointstinal systems

aka the throat

pharyng/o

pharynx

chewing

masticiation

esophagus

collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach

dorsal to the trachea

esophag/o

esophagus

abdomen

cavity located between the diaphragm and pelvis

abdomin/o

celi/o

abdomen

lapar/o

abdomen and flank

peritoneum

membrane lining that covers teh abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs in that area

omentum

apron

gastr/o

stomach

monogastric or ruminant

have one true, or glandular stomach

glandular stomach

is the one that produces secretions for digestion

pylorus

narrow passage between the stomach and the duodenum

pylor/o

gatekeeper

regurgiatate

keep spit up food in mouth

remasticate

eat the spit up food again

intestinal flora

normal microorganisms residing in the gastrointsetinal tract

cud

regurgitated food particles, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganism

rumen

largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation

aka paunch

divided to a ventral sac and dorsal sac

reticulum

most cranial compartment of the ruminant stoamch

aka honeycomb- lined with mucous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges

omasum

third compartment of the ruminant stomach

short blunt papillae taht grind food before it enters the abomasum

contractions also squeeze fluid out of the food bolus

abomasum

fourth compartment of the ruminate stomach

aka true stomach

is the glandular potion that secretes digestive enzymes

herbivore

is an animal that is able to sustain life by eating only plants

omnivore

animal that sutains life by eating plant and animal tissue

carnivore

animal that is able to sustain life by eating only animal tissue

duodenum

proximal or first portion of the small intestine

duoden/i

duoden/o

duodenum

jejunum

middle portion of the small intestine

jejun/o

jejunum

ileum

distal or last portion of the small intestine

ile/o

ileum

the large inestine consits of

cecum, colon, rectum, and anus

proct/o

anus and rectum collectively

hepat/o

liver

hepatocytes

liver cells

parenchyma

functional elements of a tissue or organ

biliary

pertaining to bile

cyst/o

cyst, sac of fluid, or urinary bladder

chol/e

bile or gall

doch/o

receptacle

cholecystic

pertaining to the gallbladder

choledochus

commone bile duct

pancreas

elongated gland near the cranial portion of the duodenum

digestion

process of breaking down food into nutrients that the body can use

enzymes

substances that chemically change another substance

metabolism

process involved in the body’s use of nutrients

absorption

process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system

mastication

breaks food into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva

peristalsis

wavelike contractions of smooth muscles

-stalsis

contraction

defecation

emptying of the bowels

barium

contrast material used for radiographic studies

enema

introduction of fluid into the rectum