a&p chpt 8

mouth

or/o, stomat/o

teeth

odonti

pharyng/o

transports food from the mouth to the esophagus

esophag/o

transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

stomach

gastr/o

small intestine

enter/o

large intestine

col/o, colon/o

rectum and anus

an/o, proct/o, rect/o

liver

hepat/o

gallbladder

cholecyst/o

mouth, pharynx,(throat), esophagus, and the stomach

upper GI tract

small and larger intestine plus the rectum and anus

Lower GI tract

lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and peridontium

oral cavity

hard palate

anterior portion

soft palate

posterior palate

tongue

posterior portion

upper surface of the tongue

dorsum

small bumps on the tongue

papillae

tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

lingual frenum

structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth

periodontium

area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva

sulcus

upper part of jaw

maxillary arch

lower jaw

mandibular arch

dentition

natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaw

teeth used for biting and tearing

incisiors, canines

teeth are used for chewing and grinding

bicuspids, molars

primary detition

baby teeth

permanent dentition

32 teeth designed to last a lifetime

any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth

occlusion

portion of a tooth that is visible in the mouth

crown

cervix

neck of tooth

dentin

bulk of the tooth

rich supply of blood vessels

pulp

digestive enzyme, first step in chemical digestion

amylase

located on the face, slightly in front of each ear

parotid gland

located on the floor of the mouth under the tongue

sublingual gland

located on floor of the mouth near the mandible

submandibular gland

passageway for both respiration and digestion

pharynx

deglutition

swallowing

lid like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea

epiglottis

muscular tube through the the pharynx

esophagus

muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach

lower esophaheal, cardiac sphincter

regurgitating

flowing backwards

sac like organ composed of the fundus

stomach

folds in the muscosa lining the stomach

rugae

made up of enzymes and hydrochloric acid aid in the beginning of food digestion

gastric juices

ring like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

pylorus

extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine

small intestine

first portion of the small intestine

duodenum

middle portion of the small intestine, extends from the duodenum to the ileum

jejunum

last and longest portion of the small intestine, extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine

ileum

extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus

large intestine

major parts of the large inestine

cecum, color, rectum, and anus

pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen

cecum

ring like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

ileocecal sphincter

hangs from the lower portion of the cecum

appendix

worm like shape

vermiform

longest portion of the large intestine

colon

travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver

ascending colon

passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity from the right to the left toward the spleen

transverse colon

travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon

descending colon

s shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum

sigmoid colon

widest division of the large intestine

rectum

largest organ in the body

liver

aids in the digestion of fats, is a digestive juice secreted by the liver that is necessary for the digestion of fat

bile

pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile

bilirubin

provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine

biliary

pear shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver

gallbladder

cholecystic

pertaining to the gallbladder

soft, 6 inch long, oblong gland that is located behind the stomach

pancreas

produces and secretes pancreatic juices that aid in digestion and contain digestion enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acids

pancreas

process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use

digestive enzymes

substance that is necessary for the body to function

nutrient

building up of body cells or substances from nutrients

anabolism

breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

catabolism

consists of two parts

anabolism and catabolism

the building up of the body cells or substances from nutrients

anabolism

breaking down of the body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

catabolism

process by which completely disgested nutrients are transported of the cells throughout the body

absorption

lines the small intestine is covered with finger like projections called

villi

specialized structures of the lymphatic system, absorb fats and fat soluble vitamins that cannot be transported directly by the bloodstream

lacteals

mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to swallowed

bolus

is a series of wave like contractions of the smooth muscles in single direction that moves the food foward into the digestive system

peristalsis

contain hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to continue the breakdown of food

gastric juices

is the semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine

chyme

bile breaks apart large fat globules so that enzymes in the pancreatic juices can digest the fats

emulsification

primary function is to absorb nutrients from the digested food

ileum

bilions of bacteria present in the large intestine

gut microbiota

rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

borborygmus

dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

periodontist

is a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

proctologist

inflammation of the lips

cheilitis

mouth or oral cavity

stomat

lockjaw

trismus

dry mouth

xerostomia

grinding of the teeth

bruxism

without teeth

edentulous

bad breath

halitosis

is any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

malocclusion