Unit 0- Intro to Anatomy and Integumentary System

List the levels of organization from largest to smallest.

Organism, organ system, organ, tissues, cells, organells, organic molecules, monomers, atoms

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino acids

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What are the monomers of lipids?

Fatty acids and glycerol

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What are the major structures of the digestive system?

GI tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine), and glands (salivary, liver, gall bladder, pancreas)

What are the major structures of the respiratory system?

Trachea, bronchi, lungs

What are the major structures of the circulatory/cardiovascular system?

Heart and vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)

What are the major structures of the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs

What are the major structures of the urinary system?

Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra

What are the major structures of the muscular system?

Muscles, tendons

What are the major structures of the skeletal system?

Bones, ligaments, and cartilage

What are the major structures of the endocrine system?

Hormonal glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes)

What are the major structures of the integumentary system?

Skin, hair, and nails

What are the major structures of the lymphatic/immune system?

In Fattic vessels, lymph nodes, and thymus gland

What are the major structures of the reproductive system?

M: scrotum, testes, penis; F: ovaries, uterus, vagina

What are the major functions of the digestive system?

To receive, break down, and absorb food; to eliminate undigested material

What are the major functions of the respiratory system?

To take oxygen into the body; oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange in lungs and body cells; to remove carbon dioxide from the body

What are the major functions of the circulatory/cardiovascular system?

To pump blood through vessels to deliver oxygen or nutrients; to remove carbon dioxide and waste from cells

What are the major functions of the nervous system?

To detect or process sensory information; to activate a bodily response

What are the major functions of the urinary system?

To remove waste from the blood; to maintain water and electrolyte balance; to store or eliminate urine

What are the major functions of the muscular system?

To produce body movements; to maintain posture; to produce body heat (maintain temperature)

What are the major functions of the skeletal system?

To provide framework; to protect soft tissues; to provide attachment for muscles; to produce blood cells; to store calcium

What are the major functions of the endocrine system?

To regulate and influence metabolism, growth, and reproduction

What are the major functions of the integumentary system?

To provide protection; to regulate body temperature; to provide a site of many sensory receptors

What are the major functions of the lymphatic/immune system?

To defend the body against infection (pathogens)

What are the major functions of the reproductive system?

M: to produce and maintain sperm, deliver sex cells to F; F: produce/maintain eggs, support embryo, produce milk

The muscle system the skeletal system by

Producing joint movements; cushioning to protect from external forces

The skeletal system supports the muscular system

By providing attachment sites for tendons; supplying calcium for muscle contraction when blood levels are low

The muscular system supports the nervous system by

Cushioning to protect from external forces as nerves sometimes travel deep to muscles

The nervous system supports the muscular system by

Producing electrical signals that stimulate or inhibit skeletal muscle contraction

The muscular system supports the cardiovascular system by

Skeletal muscles cushioning to protect from external forces at some blood vessels run deep to muscle

The cardiovascular system supports the muscle system by

Supplying oxygen, nutrients, and ions to all muscle cells; removing carbon dioxide and waste from muscle cells to be excreted

The nervous system supports the skeletal system by

Providing bones with ability to send pain signals to the brain when they experience excessive force

The skeletal system supports the nervous system by

Protecting organs like the brain and spinal cord; supplying calcium for nerve, signaling when blood levels are low

The cardiovascular system supports the nervous system by

Supplying oxygen, neutrons, and ions to nerve cells; removing carbon dioxide and waste from nerve cells to be excreted

The nervous system supports the cardiovascular system by

Producing electrical signals that stimulate or inhibit cardiac and smooth muscle contraction to regulate blood flow

The skeletal system supports the cardiovascular system by

Protecting organs; producing blood cells; supplying calcium for cardiac and smooth muscle contraction when blood levels are low

The cardiovascular system supports the skeletal system by

Supplying oxygen, nutrients, and ions to bone and cartilage cells; removing carbon dioxide and waste from the bone and cartilage cells

Where are bones of the axial skeleton found?

Along the midline (cranium to crotch)

Where are bones from the appendicular skeleton found?

Within the upper and lower limbs or extremities

Define the suffix "-cyte"

Cell

Define the suffix "-blast"

Bud or germ

Define the suffix "-clast"

Smash or break

Define the prefix "Epi-"

Upon or on

Define the prefix "hypo-"

Under or below or deficient

Define the prefix "ante-"

Before or forward

Define the prefix "derm-"

Skin

Define the prefix "hist-"

Tissue

Define the suffix "-ology"

The study of

Define the prefix "melano-"

Black

Describe anatomical position.

Palms forward, face forward, toes forward, elbows and knees straight, arms closest to ribcage

What is the anatomical region of the armpit?

Axillary region

What is the anatomical region of the chest?

Thoracic region

What is the anatomical region of the front of the elbow?

Antecubital region

What is the anatomical region of the kneecap?

Patellar region

What is the anatomical region of the leg (shin)?

Crural region

What is the anatomical region of the wrist?

Carpal region

What is the anatomical region of the belly?

Abdominal region

What is the anatomical regions of the back of the knee?

Popliteal region

What is the anatomical region of the lower belly?

Pelvic region

What is the anatomical region of the anterior ankle?

Talar region

What is the anatomical region of the posterior ankle?

Calcaneal region

What is the anatomical region of the butt?

Gluteal region

What is the anatomical region of the calf?

Sural region

What is the anatomical region of the forearm?

Antebrachial region

What is the anatomical region of the heel?

Calcaneal region

What is the anatomical region of the lower back?

Lumbar region

What is the anatomical region of the neck?

Cervical region

What is the anatomical region of the point of the elbow?

Olecranon region

What is the anatomical region of the back of the skull?

Cranial region

What is the anatomical region of the thigh?

Femoral region

What is the anatomical region of the arm?

Brachial region

What anatomical region is inferior to the cephalic region?

Cervical region

What anatomical region is superior to the abdominal region?

Thoracic region

What anatomical region is proximal to the antebrachial region?

Antecubital region

What anatomical region is distal to the femoral region?

Patellar region (anterior) or popliteal region (posterior)

What is the definition of superior?

Towards the head

What is the definition of inferior?

Towards the tail (coccyx)

Under which circumstances will the terms "superior" and "inferior" be used?

Within the "trunk"; cranium to crotch; axial skeleton

What is the definition of proximal?

Nearest to point of attachment

What is the definition of distal?

Further from the point of attachment

Under which circumstances will the terms "proximal" and "distal" be used?

Within the same limb (extremity)

What is the definition of medial?

Towards the midline

What is the definition of lateral?

Away from the midline

Under which circumstances will the terms "medial" and "lateral" be used?

Midline is through the axial skeleton

What is the definition of superficial?

Close to the surface

What is the definition of deep?

Closer to the interior

Under which circumstances will the terms "superficial" and "deep" be used?

Layers of the skin or tissues; to describe the depth of an organ

What is the definition of ventral?

Belly side

What is the definition of dorsal?

Back side

What is the definition of anterior?

That which comes before

What is the definition of posterior?

That which follows

Under which circumstances will the terms "anterior" and "posterior" be used?

Front or back parts of an organ; front or back of a limb

What anatomical plane separates the anterior from posterior?

Coronal plane

What anatomical plane separates the left from the right equally?

Midsagittal plane

What anatomical plane separates the left from the right unequally?

(Para)sagittal plane

What anatomical plane separates the superior from inferior (at the same level)?

Transverse or horizontal plane

What anatomical plane separates the superior from inferior (on an angle)?

Oblique plane

What is the definition of histology?

The study of tissues