Muscles (copy)

Iliacus

O: Iliac fossa and Sacrum
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Flex hip, AB hip, flex trunk

Psoas Major

O: T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Flex hip, AB hip, flex trunk

Gluteus Maximus

P: Posterolateral ilium
I: Femur (gluteal tuberosity), IT band, Linea Aspera, Greater Trochanter
A: EXT thigh, AB hip, laterally rotates hip, Helps lock knee in EXT

Gluteus Medius

O: Ilium
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: EXT hip, AB hip, Medial rotation

Gluteus Minimus

O: Ilium
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: EXT hip, AB hip, Medial rotation

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O: Iliac crest
I: IT band
A: AB, ER, Flex

Piriformis

O: Anterior Sacrum
I: Femur (greater trochanter)
A: Laterally rotates, AB

Adductor Longus and Brevis

O: Pubis
I: Femur (linea aspera)
A: AD, Flex, Rotates laterally when foot is off the ground, RMA (EXT thigh)

Adductor Magnus

O: Pubis and ischium to ischial tuberosity
I: Femur (linea aspera)
A: AD, Rotates laterally when foot is off ground, Flexes thigh at hip, extends thigh at hip

Pectineus

O: Superior pubic ramus
I: Linea aspera
A: Flexion, Adduction

Gracilis

O: Pubis
I: Medial Tibia
A: AD hip, IR (Medially rotates hip), Flex knee

Rectus Femoris

O: Straight head (AIIS), Oblique head (acetabulum)
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: EXT knee, flex hip

Vastus lateralis

O: Femur (greater trochanter)
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella via tendon
A: EXT leg at knee

Vastus Medialis

O: Femur (linea aspera)
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella via tendon
A: EXT knee

Vastus Intermedius

O: Femur (shaft)
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella via tendon
A: EXT leg at knee

Sartorius

O: ASIS
I: Medial surface of tibia
A: Flexes knee and hip, flexes AB hip, ER (laterally rotates hip joint)

Biceps Femoris

O: Long head (ischial tuberosity), short head (linea aspera)
I: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
A: Hip EXT, Knee Flex

Semitendinosus

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of tibial shaft
A: Hip EXT, Knee FLEX

Semimembranosus

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
A: Hip EXT, Knee FLEX

Tibialis Anterior

O: Tibia (lateral condyle and shaft)
I: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
A: DF, IV

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O: Fibula (shaft)
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
A: EXT proximal phalanx of great toe, DF foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O: Tibia (lateral condyle), Fibula (shaft), Interosseous membrane
I: Lateral 4 toes
A: EXT lateral 4 toes, DF foot at ankle

Fibularis Tertius

O: Distal 3rd of fibular and interosseous membrane
I: Base of the 5th metatarsal
A: DF, EV

Fibularis Longus

O: Fibula (shaft)
I: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
A: PF, EV

Fibularis Brevis

O: Fibula (shaft)
I: Base of the 5th metatarsal
A: PF and EV

Gastrocnemius

O: Medial head (medial condyle of femur)
I: Calcaneus by way of achilles
A: PF, flexes knee

Soleus

O: Tibia (soleal line) and Fibula (head)
I: Calcaneus by way of achilles
A: PF

Tibialis Posterior

O: Tibia (shaft), Fibula (shaft), Interosseous membrane)
I: 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal, Navicular, All 3 cuneiforms, Cuboid, Calcaneus
A: PF and IV

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O: Posterior tibia
I: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
A: PF, flexes 4 lateral toes

Flexor Hallucis Longus

O: Inferior 2/3 of fibula (shaft)
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
A: Flexes great toe, PF

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

O: Calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: EXT great toe

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

O: Calcaneus and interior retinaculum
I: Toes 2-4 (tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes 2-4 and proximal phalanx of great toe)
A: EXT toes 2-4

Abductor Hallucis

O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor reticulum
I: Medial proximal phalanx of great toe
A: AB great toe

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

O: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: Sides of middle phalanx of toes 2-5
A: Flex toes 2-4

Abductor Digiti Minimi

O: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 5th
A: AB and FLEX little, supports lateral longitudinal arch

Lumbricals

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial bases of proximal phalanges
A: Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5, extension at interphalangeal joints 2-5, toe adduction

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

O: Cuboid and 3rd cuneiform
I: Medial and lateral sides of proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Flex hallux

Adductor Hallucis

O: Metatarsal 2-4
I: Lateral sides of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
A: AD and flex great toe

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

O: 5th metatarsal and peroneus longus
I: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of little toe
A: Flexes little toe at MTP

Dorsal Interossei

O: Adjacent side of metatarsals 1-5
I: Proximal phalanges 2-4
A: AB toes 2-4

Plantar Interossei

O: Metatarsals 3-5
I: Medial side of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5
A: AD toes 3-5

Subclavius

O: 1st rib
I: Clavicle
A: Depresses and moves the clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize the pectoral girdle

Serratus Anterior

O: Ribs 1-9
I: Scapula: Costal surface of the medial border
A: AB scapula and upward rotation, Stabilizes scapula against chest wall, RMA Elevants ribs when scapula is stabilzied

Trapezius

O: Occipital bone: External protuberance, nuchal ligament, C2-T2
I: Clavicle, acromion, scapula
A: Superior (elevation, EXT head, Laterally flex the head and neck), Middle (retraction), Inferior (depress), Superior and inferior together (upwardly rotate scapula)

Levator Scapulae

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Superior angle and medial border of scapula
A: Elevate scapula, retract shoulder

Rhomboid major

O: T2-T5 spinous process
I: Vertebral boarder of scapula inferior to the spine
A: Elevates, Retraction, Downward rotation, stabilizes scapula

Rhomboid minor

O: Spines of 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae
I: Vertebral boarder of scapula inferior to the spine
A: Elevates, retraction, downward rotation, stabilizes scapula

Pectoralis Major

O: Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of 1-6th ribs
I: Bicipital groove
A: Both AD and IR, EXT the shoulder from a flexed position, Flex the shoulder from the extended position

Latissimus Dorsi

O: T7-T12 spinous processes, Iliac creset, ribs 9-12
I: Bicipital groove (intertubercular groove)
A: EXT shoulder, AD shoulder, IR

Subscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle
A: IR (MR)

Supraspinatus

O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
A: Initiates AB, Stablization of head of humerus

Infraspinatus

O: Infraspinatus fossa
I: Greater tubercle
A: ER, stabilization of head of humerus

Teres Minor

O: Scapula (Lateral border)
I: Greater tubercle
A: ER, Assist with AD and EXT, Stabilization of head of humerus

Deltoid

O: Anterior (lateral 3rd of clavicle, Middle (Acromion), Posterior (Spin of scapula)
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Anterior (Flex, AB, HAD, IR), Middle (AB), Posterior (EXT, AD, HAB, ER)

Teres Major

O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Bicipital groove
A: EXT of shoulder, Assists AD and IR

Coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process
I: Middle of medial shaft of humerus
A: Flex of shoulder, AD of shoulder

Biceps Brachii

O: Long head = tubercle above glenoid fossa, short head = coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Flex of elbow, Flex of shoulder, Supination of forearm

Brachialis

O: Distal and anterior surface of humerus
I: Ulna (ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process)
A: Flex the elbow

Brachioradialis

O: Lateral boarder of distal humerus
I: Superior to styloid process of radius
A: Flex the elbow

Triceps Brachii

O: Long head (infraglenoid tubercle), Lateral head (lateral and posterior surface of humerus, Medial head (entire posterior surface of humerus
I: Olecranon
A: EXT fo elbow, EXT of shoulder, AD of shoulder

Pronator Teres

O: Medial epicondyle and coronoid process
I: Radius
A: Pronates forarm (during rapid or forced pronation), Assist with Flex of the elbow

Supinator

O: Lateral epicondyle, Ulna
I: Lateral surface of radius
A: Supination

Flexor Carpi Radialis

O: Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)
I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: Flex the wrist, Radially deviates the wrist, assist with elbow flex

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

O: Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)
I: Pisiform, hamate, and base of the 5th
A: Flex the wrist, ulnar deviation of the wrist, Assists with elbow flex

Palmaris Longus

O: Medial epicondyle
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: Flex the wrist

Flexor digitorum Superficialis

O: Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)
I: Middle phalanx of 2-5
A: Flex fingers 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

O: Anterior medial surface of ulna
I: Base of distal phalanx of each finger
A: Flex the wrist and fingers 2-5

Flexor pollicis Longus

O: Anterior radius and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Flex of distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: 2nd metacarpal
A: Wrist EXT, radial deviation

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

O: Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle)
I: 3rd metacarpal
A: Wrist deviation

Extensor digitorum

O: Common extensor tendon (latearl epicondyle)
I: Fingers 2-5
A: EXT wrist and fingers 2-5

Extensor Digiti Minimi

O: Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle)
I: Little finger
A: EXT of little finger

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O: Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle)
I: Base of the 5th metacarpal
A: EXT and UD of wrist

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

O: Radius and interosseus
I: Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
A: EXT of proximal phalanx of thumb

Extensor of pollicis Longus

O: Ulna and interosseous
I: Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
A: EXT thumb, AB of thumb

Abductor Pollicis Longus

O: Posterior radius and ulna and interosseous
I: Trapezium and 1st metacarpal
A: AB and EXT of thumb

Extensor Indicis

O: Posterior Ulna
I: Tendons of extensor digitorum of index finger
A: EXT of index finger

Abductor pollicis brevis

AB thumb

Opponens pollicis

Opposition of thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis

Flex of thumb

Adductor pollicis

AD of thumb

Abductor digiti minimi

AB of little finger

Flexor digiti minimi

Flex of little finger

Opponens digiti minimi

Opposition of little finger

Palmar interossei

AD and Flex each finger at MCP joints 2-5
EXT the IP joints

Dorsal Interossei

AB of 2nd-4th at MCP, Flexion 2nd-4th at MCP, Extension of IP

Orbicularis Oris

O: Modiolus
I: Skin at the corner of the mouth
A: Closes and protrudes lips, as in kissing. Compresses lips against teeth during speech

Levator Labii Superioris

O: Maxilla
I: Orbicularis oris
A: Raises upper lip

Buccinator

O: Maxilla and mandible
I: Modiolus and orbicularis oris
A: Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling. Assists in chewing by keeping food between teeth and not between teeth and cheek

Orbicularis Oculi

O: Frontal bone (nasal part), Maxilla (frontal process), Lacrimal bone
I: Skin of the eyelid
A: Closes eye

Levator palpebrae superioris

O: Sphenoid boen (lesser wing),
I: Skin of upper eyelid (superior tarsus)
A: Raises the upper eyelid

Temporalis

O: Temporal bone
I: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
A: Elevates and retracts mandible

Masseter (more superficial)

O: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
I: Angle and ramus of mandible
A: Elevates mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

O: Sternum (manubrium), Clavicle
I: Temporal bone (mastoid process)
A: Flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flex head, elevate sternum, laterally flex neck and head to same side, rotate head to opposite side, elevate sternum forced inhalation

Scalenes

O: C2-C6
I: Ribs 1-2
A: Flexion; cervical, lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side, elevate the 1st and 2nd rib

Rectus abdominis

O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: Sternum (xiphoid process), costal cartilages of 5th-7th
A: Flexes vertebral column, compress abdomen in urination and defecation, flexes pelvis on the vertebral column

Transverse abdominis

O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilage of inferior 6 ribs
I: Fuses with teh posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis, xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis
A: Compress abdomen

External abdominal oblique

O: Ribs 5-12, Iliac crest
I: Pubis, linea alba
A: Compress abdomen and flex vertebral column, lateral flex and rotate vertebral column

Internal abdominal oblique

O: Iliac creset, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
I: Costal cartilage 9-12-4 ribs, linea alba, xiphoid process
A: Compress abdomen and flex vertebral column, lateral flex, and rotate vertebral column

Diaphragm

O: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages ribs 6-12, lumbar part L1-L3 bodies
I: Central tendon
A: Contraction and relaxation