Module 4: Manager as a Leader

This module enables deeper appreciation of leadership as a skill and tool to be an effective manager. This module will also present an overview of traditional leadership theories and modern leadership views that influence the manager as a leader. Finally, you will learn two important leadership skills: trust and communication and their significance and application in effective management.

Influence

Leadership is defined by what social power?

Influence is the currency of leadership.

True

Effective leadership balances what two needs of the group?

1. Maintenance Needs

2. Task Needs

This can be described as the need of an individual for group chemistry and compatibility.

Maintenance Needs

This can be described as the need of an individual for sense of shared progress and achievement.

Task Needs

Effective leaders are expected to embody the purpose of the organization.

True

Effective leaders take charge and responsibility of the team.

True

Effective leaders guide the activities of others.

True

Effective leaders lead the tone-setting of the team.

True

Effective leaders maintain group needs.

True

The power of a leader can be diluted by their followers.

True

Followers are passive players in the leadership process.

False. Change passive to active.

Followers have the ability to accept or reject acts of leadership.

True

These are set of activities that allow the leader to accumulate power from voluntary relinquishment of subordinate power.

Acts of Leadership

Acts of leadership leads to what necessary dimension of leadership?

Accumulation of power

This pertains to the gap between the information possessed by the subordinate and the information required to fulfill the duties of the subordinate.

Task Uncertainty

What is the main driver of task uncertainty?

Context or Environmental Context

A subordinate’s strong self-concept dilutes the need for leadership.

True

Leaders and the leadership process are inalienable entities.

False. Change inalienable to separate.

What is the primary goal of the leadership process?

Maintenance of group needs

This is a type of leader that is recognized by those outside of the organization.

Formal Leader

This is a type of leader that acts as an agent of and for the organization

Formal Leader

This is a type of leader that is primarily recognized by those inside and within the organization.

Informal Leader

This is a type of leader that can act for or against their organization.

Informal Leader

This is a path to leadership constructed typically by those outside the everyday organization.

Designation

This is a path to leadership constructed by dynamics that form within the everyday organization.

Emergence

Influence, as a currency of leadership, gives rise to various forms of power.

True

This is the use of material and immaterial recognition to exercise leadership.

Reward Power

This is the use of punishments to exercise leadership.

Coercive Power

This is the use of social networks and associations to exercise leadership.

Referent Power

This is the use of technical expertise to exercise leadership

Expert Power

This is the use of legality and rightfulness of duty to exercise leadership.

Legitimate Power

He observed leadership through the basis of perception and use of influence.

Douglas McGregor

This theorizes human behavior at work through the eyes of the leaders who manage a team.

Theory X and Theory Y

This perceives individuals as averse to work and incapable of self-direction and self-control

Theory X

Theory X breeds what form of leadership and utilizes what form of power?

Controlling or Autocratic Leadership and Coercive Power

This perceives individuals as creative and capable of self-direction and self-control.

Theory Y

Theory Y breeds what form of leadership and utilizes what form of power?

Team-Oriented Leadership or Involvement-Oriented Leadership and Reward Power

Theory X and Theory Y views individuals as either incapable or capable, respectively, of what two important self-management dimensions?

1. Self-direction

2. Self-control

What expectation on leadership can be best represented by the given situation:

An organization is undergoing a major rebranding and cultural shift in which employees have voiced difficulties navigating.

Embodying the organization’s purpose

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A critical project deadline will not be met by the team based on the current timeline which can potentially harm the financial integrity of the organization.

Taking charge and responsibility

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A team is having difficulties comprehending the complexity of a new project.

Guiding the activities of others

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A team has been given freedom in starting a project that requires high level of creativity and innovation.

Leading tone-setting

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A team is experiencing increasing tensions and a decline in performance based on the quarterly evaluation report.

Maintaining group needs

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A team is divided on a crucial decision regarding the direction of their new project.

Taking charge and responsibility

What expectation on leadership is best represented by the given situation:

A team is working on a project that has tight deadlines and individuals has felt overwhelmed for quite some time now.

Guiding the activities of others

What path to leadership is best represented by the given situation:

Imagine you are part of a cross-functional team within your organization, and you've been working together on a project for several months. During a critical phase of the project, your team is facing a major decision, and there has been no formally designated leader for the team.

Emergence

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are the manager of a sales team, and you have the authority to give out monthly performance bonuses and yearly promotions to your top-performing sales representatives.

Reward Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are the leader of a nonprofit organization, and you have the ability to acknowledge and publicly appreciate the dedicated volunteers who consistently contribute their time and effort to the organization's mission.

Reward Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

As a school principal, you have the authority to enforce disciplinary actions, including suspensions or expulsions, for students who engage in severe misconduct or violate school rules.

Coercive Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are the manager of a manufacturing plant, and you have the power to impose fines or penalties on employees who consistently violate safety regulations or engage in hazardous practices.

Coercive Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are the project lead for a cross-functional team in a large corporation. Your ability to build strong relationships with key stakeholders, both inside and outside the organization, allows you to leverage their support and resources to ensure the project's success.

Referent Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are a charismatic and respected community leader who has a wide network of connections with various community organizations, businesses, and individuals.

Referent Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are a medical doctor with extensive experience and specialized knowledge in a particular field of medicine. When you provide recommendations or diagnoses to your patients, they trust your expertise and follow your guidance without hesitation because they recognize your deep understanding of the subject matter.

Expert Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

As a software development team leader, you have a reputation for being a coding expert in a cutting-edge technology. Your team members respect your technical knowledge and often seek your advice and mentorship when they encounter complex coding challenges or need guidance on the latest industry trends.

Expert Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

You are the elected mayor of a city, and you have the authority to make and enforce local ordinances, policies, and decisions that are within the legal framework.

Legitimate Power

What form of power is best represented by the given situation:

In a corporate setting, you are the appointed general manager of a department, and you have the official authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and set the strategic direction for your department.

Legitimate Power

What perception of Theory X and Theory Y is best represented by the given situation:

A team has been consistently missing project deadlines and have been reported to be disengaged from work.

Theory X

What perception of Theory X and Theory Y is best represented by the given situation:

An individual has been consistently asking for close supervision.

Theory X

What perception of Theory X and Theory Y is best represented by the given situation:

An individual has expressed desire to take on additional responsibilities.

Theory Y

What perception of Theory X and Theory Y is best represented by the given situation:

An individual actively proposes unconventional but potentially more efficient methods for a project.

Theory Y

Early Leadership Theories are based on what dimension of leadership?

Skill

What idea encapsulates the constructs established by Early Leadership Theories.

Leaders are born, not trained.

This theorizes that leaders are born to have heroic traits and natural abilities to influence others to follow

Great Man Theory

This theorizes that leaders have divine right to occupy roles of leadership

Great Man Theory

This theorizes that leaders are distinguished by several factors emergent from birth.

Trait Theory

What are the eight (8) traits observed in the Trait Theory?

1. Drive

2. Desire to Lead

3. Honesty and Integrity

4. Self-Confidence

5. Intelligence

6. Job-Relevant Knowledge

7. Extraversion

8. Proneness to Guilt

This trait is characterized by high effort levels of an individual.

Drive

This trait is characterized by willingness to take responsibility of an individual.

Desire to Lead

This trait is characterized by truthfulness and consistency between word and deed of an individual.

Honesty and Integrity

This trait is characterized by conviction of an individual.

Self-Confidence

This trait is characterized by effective problem-solving and decision-making skills of an individual.

Intelligence

This trait is characterized by technical expertise of an individual.

Job-relevant Knowledge

This trait is characterized by energy and sociability of an individual.

Extraversion

This trait is characterized by sense of responsibility of an individual.

Proneness to Guilt

Behavioral Leadership Theories are based on what dimension of leadership?

Effectiveness

This study states that democratic leadership is the most effective manner of leadership.

University of Iowa Study

This study states that leaders who show consideration and initiating structure achieves high subordinate performance and satisfaction.

Ohio State University Study

This pertains to an effort to care for the welfare of subordinates.

Consideration

This pertains to an effort to clarify goals and roles within a team.

Initiating Structure

This study states that employee-oriented leadership is associated with high group productivity and job satisfaction.

University of Michigan Study

This study states that leaders who score 9 for both concern for people and concern for production achieved best outcomes.

Managerial Grid

What study affirms the findings of the Ohio State University Study

Managerial Grid

This theorizes that displays of confidence and optimism in leadership breeds subordinate productivity and satisfaction.

Disposition Trait Theory

This theorizes that individuals tend to read verbal and nonverbal cues and alter own behavior to present an ideal self.

Self-Monitoring Theory

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

A monarch asserts leadership as attributed to extraordinary birthright, emphasizing that only this specific individual, due to their unique and innate qualities, can effectively lead the kingdom.

Great Man Theory

What “natural“ trait is best represented by the given situation:

In a technology company, the lead engineer quickly identifies and resolves a critical software issue that has been impeding the development process, resulting in a significant improvement in project efficiency.

Intelligence

What “natural“ trait is best represented by the given situation:

A surgeon with years of specialized training and experience successfully performs a complex surgical procedure.

Job-relevant Knowledge

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

Within a tech startup, the CEO gathers the project team to make a critical decision about the company's future direction. The CEO encourages team members to openly share their opinions and votes on the best course of action.

University of Iowa Study

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

In a school setting, a group of teachers collaboratively decides on the curriculum for the upcoming academic year. They discuss and vote on which teaching methods and materials should be used.

University of Iowa Study

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

A manager regularly meets with their team to set clear expectations, establish roles, and clarify project goals while also showing genuine care for their team members' well-being.

Ohio State University

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

In a manufacturing plant, the plant manager places provides comprehensive training and encourages employee involvement in decision-making processes.

University of Michigan Study

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

A manager is adept at balancing their commitment to achieving project goals while also addressing the needs and concerns of their team members.

Managerial Grid

The Ohio State University Study and the Managerial Grid both effectively achieves the same outcome. What is the difference between the two?

The Ohio State University was focused on subordinate performance while the Managerial Grid was focused on managerial performance.

What leadership theory is best represented by the given situation:

An individual has been assigned to lead a critical client meeting to pitch a new advertising campaign. Before the meeting, they read up on the client's business and preferences. During the meeting, they match their communication style and tone to align with the client's interests and preferences.

Self-Monitoring Theory

Contemporary Views on Leadership are based on what dimension of leadership?

Superior-Subordinate Relationship

What three contemporary issues gave rise to Contemporary Views on Leadership?

1. Need for Employee Empowerment

2. Increased Cross-Cultural Exchanges

3. Increased Understanding of Emotional Intelligence

What three factors constitute for the need for employee empowerment?

1. Dynamicity of global economy

2. Increased span of control

3. Technology

What recent leadership trend has been a direct product of cross-cultural exhanges?

Transformational Leadership

What is the best predictor of leadership emergence?

Emotional Intelligence