Unit 2 Test Prep

U.S. History

"Right to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness" is which document ?

Declaration of Independence

"We hold these truths to be self- evident" is which document ?

Declaration of Independence

"We the People" is which document ?

Constitution

a loose association of sales is which document ?

Articles of Confederation

After Independence where did settlers move to in large numbers that became a problem for the U.S. government ?

west of the mountains

After several weeks of fighting in Yorktown, Virginia who surrendered ?

General Cornwallis

After the battle Americans

negotiated very favorable terms for Treaty of Paris

After the battle British

formally recognized U.S. and gave them all land east of Mississippi River

After uniting colonists

organized militias and collected weapons

Americans didn't trust central power so they

established a weak government with no power to raise taxes, negotiate trade agreements or settle disputes between states

Articles of Confederation

established first U.S. government

As economic situation worsened, Americans realized

they needed a central government capable of negotiating trade agreements and putting down uprisings

As tension grew what did colonists do to convince Parliament to repeal the acts ?

protested, organized boycotts and held tea parties

Blueprint for government is which document ?

Constitution

branch of government enforcing laws is

Executive Branch

Branch of government that creates laws is

Legislative Branch

Colonists in North America were proud to be British after ?

British victory in French and Indian War in 1763

Congress not being able to impose taxes is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Congress not being able to recruit or pay the army is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Constitution cannot be overruled by any state or law because it is the

supreme law of the land

Did the colonies eventually unite because of mutual interests and experiences ?

yes

Difference between Declaration of Independence and Constitution ?

Declaration stated goals, Constitution put them into action

Division of political power among branches of government is called

separation of powers

Each state making its own trade agreements is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Enacting the Northwest Ordinance is a strength or weakness of the government ?

strength

Federalists Papers were

essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay arguing for ratification of Constitution

First ten amendments to Constitution are called

Bill of Rights

fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eight amendments guarantees

rights and protections to an accused to a fair trial

George Washington was

Commander of the Continental Army

grievances against Britain is which document ?

Declaration of Independence

How did most state constitutions organize their governments, how did this effect the states ?

three separate branches: executive, judicial and legislative, states had strong effective governments

How far west did the British territory extend after the British victory in the war?

to the Mississippi River

How many colonists were killed in the Boston Massacre ?

Five

If states printed their own money is it a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Importance of being able to mend Constitution ?

to have flexibility to alter it as conditions change

intention to break away from Britain is which document ?

Declaration of Independence

James Madison advocated what type of legislature and wanted it choose by ?

bicameral, population

James Madison proposed federal government be empowered to _________ any state law

veto

Negotiating the Treaty of Paris is a strength or weakness of the government ?

strength

Overseeing the fighting of the American Revolution is a strength or weakness of the government ?

strength

Passage of any law requiring nine states approval is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Patriots used what war tactics resulting in them getting the upper hand ?

guerrilla

Power of central government being extremely limited is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

Preamble to Constitution

statement identifying who, what, and why of Constitution We the People" (who) establish the Constitution (what) in order to do six things (why).

Settlements could organize into townships.

Townships could organize into territories and apply for admission to the Union as new states on equal footing with existing states were firsts ?

yes

Slavery prohibited in territory and settlers in territory were protected by a bill of rights were firsts ?

yes

state legislatures hold most of power is which document ?

Articles of Confederation

States holding most of the power is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

States settling their own disputes with each other is a strength or weakness of the government ?

weakness

System devised by Framers of Constitution preventing any branch of government from gaining too much power

Checks and Balances

system of checks and balances is which document ?

Constitution

the first U.S. government is which document ?

Articles of Confederation

three branches of government is which document ?

Constitution

Three freedoms guaranteed by first Amendment

freedom of: religion, speech, press

Three groups of people not represented in Constitution

Blacks, Indians, women

Townships had to set aside land to support a public school, was a first ?

yes

Virginia Bill of Rights new freedom

freedom of religion

Was Greene's strategy of forcing the weary British to fight in unfamiliar territory far from their supplies effective ?

Yes

What acts did Parliament passed to raise revenue and control colonists ?

Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts and Intolerable Acts

What did Parliament's Proclamation of 1763 do ?

denied colonists right to settle west of Appalachian mountains

What did the Articles of Confederation set rules on ?

governance of the territory

What did the British offer enslaved African Americans in return for fighting on the British side ?

their freedom

What did the states agree to when the Articles of Confederation passed the Northwest Ordinance in 1787 ?

to give up their claims to the lands in the Northwest Territory.

What did the United States get from the treaty that ended the war ?

gave United States all British land east of the Mississippi River.

What is a bicameral legislature, who proposed it and where were they from ?

Two house legislature (reps and senate), each state is represented by population in House of Representatives and equal representation in Senate, Roger Sherman, Connecticut

What is The New Jersey Plan, how does it favor New Jersey and who proposed it ?

Equal representation in congress, small state with small population, gives same power in government as any large state, William Patterson

What is the Virginia Plan how does it favor Virginia and who proposed it ?

Representation based on population, has the largest population of any state, giving them greater power in government, James Madison

What was the consequence of Battle of Saratoga ?

This victory helped Benjamin Franklin convince French to recognize United States and pledge military aid

What was the consequence of Boston ?

Patriots were able to open the port and end the economic embargo Britain had imposed

What was the consequence of Fort Ticonderoga ?

The Patriots took the weapons to Boston and used them very effectively to fight British

What was the consequence of Lexington and Concord ?

Colonial militia proved they could fight effectively even though they were badly outmanned and outgunned. Patriots drove British troops back to Boston.

What was the consequence of New York City ?

British maintained control over New York City, important port and commercial center

What was the consequence of Princeton, New Jersey ?

Americans began to think they could actually win the war for independence and many volunteered to fight

What was the consequence of Trenton, New Jersey ?

American spirits began to lift

What was the consequence of Vincennes ?

This victory secured Patriots' position in the West

When the Continental Congress issued Declaration of Independence which country did most colonists remain loyal to ?

Britain

Where did General Cornwallis withdrew his men to ?

the coastal town of Yorktown, Virginia.

Which branch of government is the Supreme Court located in ?

Judicial Branch

Which country was in major debt and wanted the colonists to share some of the expenses from the French and Indian War ?

Britain

Which force became hopeful to put down the American Revolution from their early victories in Camden, South Carolina?

English

Which force under Admiral Comte de Grasse, sailed into the Chesapeake Bay, cut off British supplies, reinforcements and prevented the British from escaping by sea ?

French

Which forces did Charleston fall to under command of General Henry Clinton and what did they gain?

English,

1,000's American Prisoners and control of another major port city

Which forces did the Patriots inflict tremendous losses on despite retreating ?

Cornwallis's

Who assisted Washington in surrounding the British ?

General Rochambeau, and the Marquis de Lafayette converged to surround them on the land.

Who believed the United States needed a stronger central government and which plan did he take to the Constitutional Convention ?

James Madison, Virginia Plan

Who claimed Canada after the French surrendered?

England

Who claimed most of the land in the center of the continent ?

France

Who controlled land west of the mountains ?

Several new states claimed land based on colonial charters

Who controlled the land west of the Appalachian Mountains before independence ?

the British,They designated this as Indian territory and tried to keep settlers east of the mountains.

Who defended the British soldiers accused in the Boston Massacre ?

John Adams

Who did the Americans replace General Gates with ?

Greene

Who gained their independence from the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia and what did parliament vote to do ?

Americans, end the war and negotiate peace treaty

Who got renewed hope from The battle at Cowpens ?

Americans

Who had a ragtag group of inexperienced volunteer soldiers ?

colonists

Who had strong opinions, refused to attend the Constitutional convention and opposed the Constitution ?

Patrick Henry

Who has the most powerful, well trained military in the world ?

Britain

Who helped the colonists defeat the British at Battle of Yorktown after 8 years ?

French

Who led the Continental Army ?

George Washington