history final

SECTION IMPERIALISM

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Imperialism

domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

What did industrialized nations go after?

Industrialized nations sought new markets

What helped the Ethiopians remain independent for centuries?

Ethiopia modernized and imported European weapons helping them remain independent

Berlin Conference

Was an example of Social Darwinism and European Leaders view of imperialism

Congo

Main resources exploited were copper, Rubber, and ivory

What did Nationalism do to the Ottoman Empire?

Nationalism was a force that helped tear the Ottoman Empire apart.

Persia

Was an area rich with oil

Sepoy Rebellion

Was caused because several laws were passed overriding the religious beliefs of the Sepoys

What did The Sepoy Rebellion do for India?

The Sepoy Rebellion ended the rule of the East India Company and put India directly under the British Crown (became a protectorate)

What did Indian people think about Western ideas?

Although many Indian people favored Western style education and ideas educated Indians eventually formed the Muslim League and self rule

What trade goods did Britain want from China?

Silk, Porcelain, and tea.

What caused the Opium War?

The Chinese government outlawed opium and executed Chinese drug dealers however the British refused to stop selling opium....causing the Opium War.

What did the Treaty of Nanjing cause?

In the Treaty of Nanjing which ended the first Opium War Britain gained control of Hong Kong.

Open Door Policy

Allowed equal access to Chinese Trade for Western Powers

What did US demand to Japan in 1853?

In 1853 the U.S. demanded that Japan open its ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange.

What did the Meiji reformers want to do?

The Meiji reformers wanted to strengthen Japan

Where did Japan want to obtain basic resources?

Japan wanted to obtain basic resources not available on island

SECTION WW1

Triple Alliance

Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

MAINIA

Militarism,imperialism, alliances, nationalism, industrial revolution, assassination

Why did Russia join WW1?

Russia joined war to protect Serbia

Why did Britain join WW1?

Britain joined war after Germany invaded Belgium

Schlieffen Plan

Plan to avoid a war on two fronts

Where did Germany and Russia battle?

Germany and Russia battled on the Eastern front

Stalemate

When neither side is making progress

Why did the U.S. enter the war on the Allied side?

U.S entered war on Allies side because of cultural ties with Britain and submarine warfare,

Zimmerman telegram

This telegram, written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States

Fourteen Points

Wilson's terms for ending the War and future war.

Big Three

U.S, France, Britain

Treaty of Versailles

Blamed Germany and forced them to pay reparations. Focused on Punishing Germany for the war

Big Three Leaders

Wilson(U.S) Georges Clemenceau(France) David Lloyd George(Britain)

Militarism

Built up of arms and military

What years did WW1 last for?

1914-1918

What contribution did Women give to the war?

Women worked in war industries

Zimmerman Note

Was a note intended for Mexico intercepted by British intelligence

Rise of Totalitarianism

A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

When did Japan's economy grow?

1920's

What decreased during the Great Depression in Japan

Exports decreased during Great Depression in Japan

What did Militarists in Japan want Japan to do?

Militarists in Japan encouraged Japan to focus to reject western culture and focus on Japanese traditions

What did Italy believe about fascism?

Many in Italy believed fascism would bring a STABLE government.

What did Fascism end?

Fascism ended political feuding in government

Under Mussolini there was...

a one party dictatorship in Italy

Major difference between fascist and communist

Communists wanted to spread communism internationally, while fascists, were more concerned with strengthening their own nation.

The Weimar Republic of Germany faced..

runaway INFLATION and many small political parties

In Mein Kampf Hitler wrote what?

Germany could return to power by Uniting all Germans into one nation

How did Hitler come to power?

Hitler came to power through a legal election

What was Hitler's nazi goal?

To purify the German Culture

Nuremberg Laws

Deprived Jews of same rights as the rest of German population

Germany rearmed its military in violation of what?

The Versailles treaty

SECTION World War II (1939-1945)

Appeasement

Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict

Spanish Civil War

Was a dress rehearsal for WWII forces

How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?

Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German Military

The German invasion of Poland marked the event that started what?

WWII

What tactics allowed Germany to take over Europe by the summer of 1940?

Germany's Blitzkrieg tactics

Operation Sea Lion

Germany's code name for the invasion of Britain....was not successful

Why did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?

Hitler invaded Soviet Union for natural resources

Battle of Stalingrad

Where the Soviets stopped the German invasion

Hitler's Final Solution

Hitler's "Final Solution" was in reference to the murder of all European Jews

El Alamein

When German forces were stopped in Northern Africa.

Total War

Was regulating economy so all aspects were directed at War effort

Midway and Coral Sea

Major victories for the United States over Japan

The Big Three of WWII

Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill

The Battle of the Bulge

Germany's last stand....massive German counterattack against the Allies.

What helped the U.S. win the war?

U.S manufacturing power and strong economy helped win the war

What made Germany challenging to fight?

Germany's location

Island hopping

Strategy to close in on the main island of Japan

When did Atomic Weapons become an option?

Atomic Weapons became an option when it became apparent Japan had no intentions of surender

Manhattan Project

Code name for atomic bomb research

Reasons for dropping "the bomb"

Save American lives, End the war without invading Japan. Impress Soviets

Cold War dates

1945-1990

Cold War countries

United States (and Nato Countries) Vs. Soviet Union (and Warsaw Pact)

What ideologies were at war in the Cold War?

Democracy VS Communism

Hot war

Place like Korea, and Vietnam where actual battles occurred

Why did Great Britain abandon its Colonial empires following WWII?

They became too expensive to maintain

What made the Cold War era terrifying for citizens everywhere?

The new Weaponry

MAD

Mutually Assured Destruction- Policy that kept United States and Soviet Union from using nuclear weapons

Marshall Plan

U.S assistance to help war torn countries after World War II

Capitalist Countries

Market Economies based on Supply and Demand (consumer choices)

What government did Communist Countries have?

Communist Countries had command economies in which the government was in control.

European Community

Agency that helped spur economic growth across Western Europe by eliminating tariffs.

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What sides was Germany divided into after WWII?

East and West.

Dodge Plan

Removed protective tariffs and helped Japan's economy from 1950-1970

What was the negative impact of the Arms Race on The Soviet Union

The Soviet Union Struggled to keep pace with the United States because their economy was not as robust. The arms race hurt the Soviet Union

Soviet Union's "Vietnam"

Soviet Union struggled in the 1980's in Afghanistan...It was called Soviet Union's Vietnam

As the Soviet Union crumbled...

Eastern Europeans demanded more freedoms

What was an effect of the fall of the Soviet Union?

Many Communist countries adopted free-market reforms

At the End of the Cold War...

The United States was the only Superpower which caused a mixed reaction from countries around the world.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840. Began in England because England had many natural resources including coal, rivers, as well as a stable government.

New Imperialism

In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions.

Yalta Conference

The Yalta conference was a meeting held during World War II, between February 4, 1945 - February 11, 1945, by the heads of the state of the allied nations (Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill). The meeting was held to plan out the occupation of postwar Germany.

Great Leap Forward

The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party from 1958 to 1962. CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruct the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through the formation of people's communes

Cultural Revolution

The "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," usually known simply as the Cultural Revolution (or the Great Cultural Revolution), was a "complex social upheaval that began as a struggle between Mao Zedong and other top party leaders for dominance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and went on to affect all of China with its call for "continuing revolution." 1 This social upheaval lasted from 1966 to 1976 and left deep scars upon Chinese society.

Background of the Cultural Revolution

The roots of the Cultural Revolution date back to the early 1960s. After the catastrophic Great Leap Forward, in which more than 20 million people died, Chairman Mao Zedong decided to take a less active role in governing the country. More practical, moderate leaders, such as Vice-Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou Enlai, introduced economic reforms based on individual incentives—such as allowing families to farm their own plots of land—in an effort to revive the battered economy. Mao detested such policies, as they went against the principles of pure communism in which he so firmly believed. Nevertheless, China's economy grew strongly from 1962 to 1965 with the more conservative economic policies in place.

At the same time, Mao started to worry that local party officials were taking advantage of their positions to benefit themselves. Rather than resolving such cases internally to preserve the prestige of the CCP, Mao favored open criticism and the involvement of the people to expose and punish the members of the ruling class who disagreed with him; he framed this as a genuine socialist campaign involving the central struggle of the proletariat versus the bourgeoisie.