Why did the U.S. enter the war on the Allied side?
U.S entered war on Allies side because of cultural ties with Britain and submarine warfare,
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Zimmerman telegram
This telegram, written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States
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Fourteen Points
Wilson's terms for ending the War and future war.
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Big Three
U.S, France, Britain
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Treaty of Versailles
Blamed Germany and forced them to pay reparations. Focused on Punishing Germany for the war
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Big Three Leaders
Wilson(U.S) Georges Clemenceau(France) David Lloyd George(Britain)
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Militarism
Built up of arms and military
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What years did WW1 last for?
1914-1918
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What contribution did Women give to the war?
Women worked in war industries
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Zimmerman Note
Was a note intended for Mexico intercepted by British intelligence
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Rise of Totalitarianism
A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
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When did Japan's economy grow?
1920's
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What decreased during the Great Depression in Japan
Exports decreased during Great Depression in Japan
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What did Militarists in Japan want Japan to do?
Militarists in Japan encouraged Japan to focus to reject western culture and focus on Japanese traditions
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What did Italy believe about fascism?
Many in Italy believed fascism would bring a STABLE government.
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What did Fascism end?
Fascism ended political feuding in government
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Under Mussolini there was...
a one party dictatorship in Italy
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Major difference between fascist and communist
Communists wanted to spread communism internationally, while fascists, were more concerned with strengthening their own nation.
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The Weimar Republic of Germany faced..
runaway INFLATION and many small political parties
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In Mein Kampf Hitler wrote what?
Germany could return to power by Uniting all Germans into one nation
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How did Hitler come to power?
Hitler came to power through a legal election
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What was Hitler's nazi goal?
To purify the German Culture
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Nuremberg Laws
Deprived Jews of same rights as the rest of German population
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Germany rearmed its military in violation of what?
The Versailles treaty
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SECTION World War II (1939-1945)
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Appeasement
Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict
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Spanish Civil War
Was a dress rehearsal for WWII forces
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How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?
Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German Military
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The German invasion of Poland marked the event that started what?
WWII
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What tactics allowed Germany to take over Europe by the summer of 1940?
Germany's Blitzkrieg tactics
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Operation Sea Lion
Germany's code name for the invasion of Britain....was not successful
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Why did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?
Hitler invaded Soviet Union for natural resources
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Battle of Stalingrad
Where the Soviets stopped the German invasion
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Hitler's Final Solution
Hitler's "Final Solution" was in reference to the murder of all European Jews
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El Alamein
When German forces were stopped in Northern Africa.
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Total War
Was regulating economy so all aspects were directed at War effort
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Midway and Coral Sea
Major victories for the United States over Japan
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The Big Three of WWII
Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill
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The Battle of the Bulge
Germany's last stand....massive German counterattack against the Allies.
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What helped the U.S. win the war?
U.S manufacturing power and strong economy helped win the war
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What made Germany challenging to fight?
Germany's location
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Island hopping
Strategy to close in on the main island of Japan
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When did Atomic Weapons become an option?
Atomic Weapons became an option when it became apparent Japan had no intentions of surender
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Manhattan Project
Code name for atomic bomb research
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Reasons for dropping "the bomb"
Save American lives, End the war without invading Japan. Impress Soviets
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Cold War dates
1945-1990
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Cold War countries
United States (and Nato Countries) Vs. Soviet Union (and Warsaw Pact)
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What ideologies were at war in the Cold War?
Democracy VS Communism
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Hot war
Place like Korea, and Vietnam where actual battles occurred
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Why did Great Britain abandon its Colonial empires following WWII?
They became too expensive to maintain
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What made the Cold War era terrifying for citizens everywhere?
The new Weaponry
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MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction- Policy that kept United States and Soviet Union from using nuclear weapons
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Marshall Plan
U.S assistance to help war torn countries after World War II
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Capitalist Countries
Market Economies based on Supply and Demand (consumer choices)
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What government did Communist Countries have?
Communist Countries had command economies in which the government was in control.
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European Community
Agency that helped spur economic growth across Western Europe by eliminating tariffs.
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GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
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NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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What sides was Germany divided into after WWII?
East and West.
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Dodge Plan
Removed protective tariffs and helped Japan's economy from 1950-1970
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What was the negative impact of the Arms Race on The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union Struggled to keep pace with the United States because their economy was not as robust. The arms race hurt the Soviet Union
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Soviet Union's "Vietnam"
Soviet Union struggled in the 1980's in Afghanistan...It was called Soviet Union's Vietnam
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As the Soviet Union crumbled...
Eastern Europeans demanded more freedoms
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What was an effect of the fall of the Soviet Union?
Many Communist countries adopted free-market reforms
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At the End of the Cold War...
The United States was the only Superpower which caused a mixed reaction from countries around the world.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. Its start and end are widely debated by scholars, but the period generally spanned from about 1760 to 1840. Began in England because England had many natural resources including coal, rivers, as well as a stable government.
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New Imperialism
In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta conference was a meeting held during World War II, between February 4, 1945 - February 11, 1945, by the heads of the state of the allied nations (Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill). The meeting was held to plan out the occupation of postwar Germany.
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Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party from 1958 to 1962. CCP Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruct the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through the formation of people's communes
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Cultural Revolution
The "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," usually known simply as the Cultural Revolution (or the Great Cultural Revolution), was a "complex social upheaval that began as a struggle between Mao Zedong and other top party leaders for dominance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and went on to affect all of China with its call for "continuing revolution." 1 This social upheaval lasted from 1966 to 1976 and left deep scars upon Chinese society.
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Background of the Cultural Revolution
The roots of the Cultural Revolution date back to the early 1960s. After the catastrophic Great Leap Forward, in which more than 20 million people died, Chairman Mao Zedong decided to take a less active role in governing the country. More practical, moderate leaders, such as Vice-Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou Enlai, introduced economic reforms based on individual incentives—such as allowing families to farm their own plots of land—in an effort to revive the battered economy. Mao detested such policies, as they went against the principles of pure communism in which he so firmly believed. Nevertheless, China's economy grew strongly from 1962 to 1965 with the more conservative economic policies in place.
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At the same time, Mao started to worry that local party officials were taking advantage of their positions to benefit themselves. Rather than resolving such cases internally to preserve the prestige of the CCP, Mao favored open criticism and the involvement of the people to expose and punish the members of the ruling class who disagreed with him; he framed this as a genuine socialist campaign involving the central struggle of the proletariat versus the bourgeoisie.
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