AP lang terms test (p2)

asyndeton

leaves out a conjunction between a list for effect

conduplicatio

it takes an important word in a statement from anywhere in the statement and repeats it again

understatement

intentionally giving a lesser description

hyperbole

extreme exaggeration

antithesis

contrasting any of the parts of a statement

hypophora

asking a question and then answering it

rhetorical question

asking a question and the answer is implied

procatalepsis

stating something and then objecting to the statement as if the speaker anticipates the audience´s concerns

allusion

a reference to a well-known event, place, or person

eponym

referring to a specific famous person to compare his or her attributes to someone else.

exemplum

providing the reader an example to prove your point.

anadiplosis

takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats next to the beginning of the next sentence or phrase.

aphorism

short statement that gives an observation about life.

idiom

a statement that makes no literal sense but has a meaning you understand.

paradox

a statement that seems self-contradictory but later reveals a truth.

anecdote

a brief story meant to prove a point.

personification

giving things human characteristics

aporia

a device a writer uses to express doubt about an idea; it can also be used to show the many sides of an argument

amplification

writers repeat something they just said while adding more detail

parataxis

a series of clauses without correct punctuation

synecdoche

using a part of something instead of referring to the whole

metonymy

referring to something closely related to the actual object, person, or thing

hyperbaton

arrange words in a sentence in an unexpected order

transcendentalism

a 19th-century idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.

romanticism

an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840. The movement valued feeling over reason.

zeugma

a device in which unexpected items in a sentence are linked together by shared words.

didactic

its primary goal is to teach the reader a lesson

genre

type or kind

motif

recurring images, symbols, themes, or characters

denotation

a word´s literal meaning

connotation

the association evoked by words beyond its literal meaning. It reflects broad cultural associations (ethos)

logos

rhetorical appeal focusing on logic

ethos

rhetorical appeal focusing on ethics

pathos

rhetorical appeal focusing on emotions

allegory

type of narrative that has two levels of meaning: surface and deeper.

ambiguity

result of something being stated in such a way that its meaning cannot be determined definitely

syntax

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

linguistics

the science of language

A. the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language
B. the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words.
C. the rules or patterns so studied: English syntax

dissemination

as in "of ideas" to scatter; to disperse or spread

jargon

language used by a particular group

discourse

1. thoughts, statements, or dialogue of individuals especially characters in a literary work.
2. the language in which a subject of area of knowledge is discussed.

cathartic

the emotional effect a drama has on its audience/ the purging of emotions or relieving emotional tensions especially through certain kinds of art like drama and music

epiphany

insight of revelation gained when one suddenly understands

epitaph

an inscription on a tomb to commemorate the deceased

sententia

fancy term for a quotation of life saying

maxim

wise saying

analogy

a comparison of the similar characteristics of two unlike things

antagonist

character who opposes protagonist

apostrophe

addressing or speaking to some abstract quality or non-human entity

archetype

story or pattern repeated from generation to generation

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds

colloquial

language that is informal or familiar to a group of people

consonance

where a poet repeats the identical consonant sounds typically in the last syllable of words

doppelganger

a German phrase that asserts that for each person there exists an exact replica, a shadow image

elegy

a poem that reflects upon death

enjambment

occurs when a poet continues the grammatical sentence into the next line

epanalepsis

repetition of the beginning at the end of a clause or sentence.

hubris

a Greek term that means excessive pride

juxtaposition

the placement of items close together often for purposes of contrasting or comparison

stance

attitude author has toward the audience

chiasmus (inverted parallelism)

grammatical structure is repeated but in inverse order/ a reversal of ideas expressed in parallel clauses or phrases.

situational irony

contrast between what you think will happen and what actually happens

dramatic irony

the audience knows something the characters do not.

verbal irony

contrast between what is stated and what is meant

pedantic

overly concerned in one's learning

euphemism

substitution of words that sound not as harsh

anachornism

something or someone not in correct time period

colloquialism

informal speech or expression

invective

insulting or abusive words or expressions

discernible

distinguishable

ambiguity

unclear, doubtful

nostalgic

sentimental yearning for the happiness felt in a former time, place, or situation

simile

comparing two things to clarify how they are alike... uses words like or as

metaphor

comparing two things without using like or as

red herring

meant to deter or throw off readers or speakers/ occurs when the writer creates a distraction

exordium

latin word for beginning/introduction to an essay

peroratio

brings the essay to a close

claim

assertion or proposition

claim of fact

asserts if something is true or not true

claim of value

argues if something is good or bad

claim of policy

proposing a change

closed thesis

statement of the main idea of the argument that ALSO previews the major points the writer tends to make

open thesis

the main idea of an argument but does not list all the points the writer intends to cover

counterargument thesis statement

this statement usually contains an although or but before the writer's opinion

logical fallacies

potential weaknesses in an argument

fallacies of relevance

using evidence that is not relevant to the claim

ad hominem

tactic of switching from the topic at hand to attacking the character of the other speaker

fallacies of accuracy

using information that is inaccurate

fallacies of insufficiency

hasty generalizations/ not enough evidence to support/ circular reasoning is repeating bad evidence resulting in no evidence at all.

satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues in order to raise awareness or to bring about change

DIDLS prose analysis method (DICTION)

what words does the author chose? consider his/her word choice compared to another. Why did the author choose that particular word? What are the connotation of that word choice?

DIDLS prose analysis method (IMAGES)

What images does the author use? What does he/she focus on in a sensory way? What kinds of images does the author put in or leave out reflect his/her style? Are they vibrant? Prominent? Plain?

DIDLS prose analysis method (DETAILS)

what details does the author chose to include? What do they imply? What does the author choose to exclude? What are the connotations of their choice of details? Details are facts or fact-less.

DIDLS prose analysis method (LANGUAGE)

What is the overall impression of the language the author uses? Does it reflect education? A particular profession? Intelligence? Is it plain? Ornate? Simple? Clear? Figurative? Poetic?

DIDLS prose analysis method (SENTENCE STRUCTURE)

what are the sentences like? Are they simple with one or two clauses? DO they have multiple phrases? Are they choppy? Flowing? Is there antithesis, chisamus, parallel construction? What emotional impression do they leave? If we are talking about poetry, what is the meter? Is there a rhyme scheme?

warrant

the general, hypothetical and often implicit logical statements that serve as bridges between the claim and the data

qualifier

statements that limit the strengths of the argument or statements that propose the conditions under which the argument it true

rebuttal

counter arguments or statements indicating circumstances when the general argument does not hold true

backing

statements that serve to support the warrants

syllogism

a logical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion