UCSP | 2nd Exam Reviewer

aggregate

This refers to a set of individuals that temporarily occupy the same area but do not know each other.

category

This refers to individuals that share the same characteristics but do not have a sense of belongingness with the other people.

false

TRUE OR FALSE?

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“An aggregate of people IS a social group.”

true

TRUE OR FALSE?

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“An aggregate of people IS NOT a social group.”

false

TRUE OR FALSE?

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“A category of people IS a social group.”

true

TRUE OR FALSE?

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“A category of people IS NOT a social group.”

social group

This refers to a set of individuals who share the same motives, goals, norms, and values that guide the conducts of its members.

community and belongingness

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“A social group is characterized by a sense of _____ and _____.”

primary and secondary groups

What are the different types of social group according to their type of bond?

primary groups

This type of social group (according to type of bond) refers to people whom we have ‘intimate, face-to-face interactions’ marked by shared values, culture, and concern for one another.

primary groups

This type of social group (according to type of bond) refers to people that we share close relations with and who have a significant influence over our self-development.

secondary group

This type of social group (according to type of bond) refers to a group that consists of a greater number of members who have ‘formal yet impersonal ties’ and are presumably held together by common goals like career growth, completing a task, etc.

adoption

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“Social groups influence the person’s _____ of social norms.”

reference groups

This refers to a set of people you set as benchmarks / standards for your behavior. They establish control over you and can impose on how you are supposed to behave and act.

ingroup and outgroup

What are the different types of social group according to integration of values?

ingroup

This type of social group (according to integration of values) refers to the group we identify with and feel strong allegiance to.

outgroup

This type of social group (according to integration of values) refers to the group we feel antagonistic about and feel a sense of dislike and incompatibility.

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

What are the different consequences of ingroups / outgroups?

ethnocentrism

This refers to using one’s own culture as a standard or frame of reference in judging other people and cultures. It is a way of thinking that your own culture is better than other cultures.

cultural relativism

This refers to understanding people, behaviors, beliefs, and practices with reference to their own culture. It is accepting that there are other cultures besides yours and appreciating diversity.

widen

NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPS:
“Our social groups _____ as we meet more people.”

social networks

These refer to the connections and links between people in the form of common friends, acquaintances, or even friends of friends.

networking

This refers to the act of getting to know more people usually for career or educational opportunities and advancement.

online communities

These refer to social networks in cyberspaces that also establish and propagate their respective norms and cultures.

kinship system

This refers to the system of social relationships connecting people in a culture who are related (or assumed to be related).

true

TRUE OR FALSE?

“Individuals related as kin are commonly thought of as having family ties.”

kinship system

This refers to the system of social relationships that define and regulate the reciprocal obligations (responsibilities, rights, and expectations) of people in a culture.

consanguineal relation, affinal relation, fictive kinship

What are the different types of kinship system?

consanguineal relation

This type of kinship system measures biological or blood ties.

affinal relation

This type of kinship system is forged through rituals or ceremonies.

fictive kinship

This type of kinship system recognizes kinship obligations that are beyond biological and are neither consanguineal nor affinal.

consanguineal relation

WHAT TYPE OF KINSHIP SYSTEM?

> family

affinal relation

WHAT TYPE OF KINSHIP SYSTEM?

> husband and wife

fictive kinship

WHAT TYPE OF KINSHIP SYSTEM?

> adoption

fictive kinship

WHAT TYPE OF KINSHIP SYSTEM?

> fraternities / sororities

fictive kinship

WHAT TYPE OF KINSHIP SYSTEM?

> co-parenthood

vertical and horizontal

What are the different functions of kinship?

vertical function

This function of kinship refers to kinship being traced backwards / forward of the current generation, binding together successive generations.

horizontal function

This function of kinship refers to kinship on the maternal / paternal side are traced, tying people together across a single generation through marriage practices.

descent group

This refers to permanent social units whose members claim common ancestry.

descent

This refers to the socially recognized links between ancestors and descendants.

true

TRUE OR FALSE?

“Descent status is absolute.”

false

TRUE OR FALSE?

“Descent status is interchangeable.”

unilineal and non-unilineal

What are the different types of rules of descent?

unilineal descent

This type of rules of descent refers to the tracing of ancestry through only one parent, either the mother’s / the father’s, but never the combination of the two.

matrilineal and patrilineal

What are the different types of unilineal descent?

matrilineal descent

This type of unilineal descent refers to the tracing of ancestry through the female line.

patrilineal descent

This type of unilineal descent refers to the tracing of ancestry through the male line.

non-unilineal descent

This type of rules of descent allows rules construction based on social groups. The bonds are traced either from the side of either mother or father or both.

double, ambilineal, bilateral

What are the different types of non-unilineal descent?

cognatic descent

What is non-unilineal descent also known as?

double descent

This type of non-unilineal descent refers to the tracing of ancestry through both sides equally.

ambilineal descent

This type of non-unilineal descent refers to the tracing where it allows parents to choose which side of the kin to affiliate their children.

bilateral descent

This type of non-unilineal descent refers to tracing of ancestry through both sides equally. It also lets the ego create a link to everyone part of the kin, even those that are not a part of the bloodline.

marriage

This refers to an institutionalized and culturally defined form of relationship and a social practice designed to address the needs of human beings.

monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, endogamy, exogamy

What are the different forms of marriage?

monogamy

This form of marriage refers to a marriage between a man and a woman that is widely accepted as the norm worldwide.

polygyny

This form of marriage refers to a marriage that permits a man to marry more than one woman.

polyandry

This main form of marriage refers to a marriage that permits a woman to marry more than one man.

endogamy

This main form of marriage refers to a marriage within a group. It can either be from a specific social group, ethnic group, or in a caste system.

exogamy

This main form of marriage refers to a type of marriage outside a social group.

patrilocal, matrilocal, bilocal, neolocal, avunculocal

What are the different types of residence rules?

patrilocal

This refers to a residence rule that relates to living with or near the husband’s family. It is the most common practice in societies.

matrilocal

This refers to a residence rule that relates to living with or near the bride’s family.

bilocal

This refers to a residence rule wherein the bride and groom pick which family to live near or with.

neolocal

This refers to a residence rule wherein the bride and groom establish independent residence neither from the side of the groom nor the bride.

avunculocal

This refers to a residence rule wherein the bride and groom are living in or near the house of the groom’s mother’s brother (groom’s uncle).

institutionalization

This refers to the process of becoming a permanent or respected part of society.

need

PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION:

1) “Social institutions stem from a _____ in society.”

fixed set

PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION:

2) “Based on that need in society, a _____ of social relationships is established to fulfill it.”

formal structures

PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION:

3) “Those fixed set of social relationships are then organized into more _____ or mechanisms.”

significance

PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION:

4) “Those organized relationships then gain _____ in society, ensuring they are maintained and endure over time.”

social institutions

These refer to complex social structures within social norms, rituals, conventions, rules, and epistemologies interwoven into a tight knit.

social structures

These refer to patterns of social relationship.

social institutions

These refer to mechanisms or patterns of social order focused on meeting social needs.

layer

NATURE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

1) “Social institutions are an important _____ of our nested realities. They play a role on how societies operate and are organized.

uphold

NATURE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

2) “Social institutions have the power to _____ certain social norms, while delegitimizing others.”

delegitimizing

NATURE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

2) “Social institutions have the power to uphold certain social norms, while _____ others.”

long lasting

NATURE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

3) “Social institutions are typically _____, though their shape and structure often change incrementally over time.”

social change

This refers to changes that take place in human society. It is transformations experienced by cultures, political institutions, and societies triggered by various factors ranging from technological advancement and environmental change to diffusion and social tension.

demographic base

INDICATIORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

1) Change in _____
2) Change in Major Structural Components of Society
3) Change in Distributive Features of Society
4) Change in Aggregative Features of Society

major structural components

INDICATIORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

1) Change in Demographic Base
2) Change in _____ of Society
3) Change in Distributive Features of Society
4) Change in Aggregative Features of Society

distributive features

INDICATIORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

1) Change in Demographic Base
2) Change in Major Structural Components of Society
3) Change in _____ of Society
4) Change in Aggregative Features of Society

aggregative features

INDICATIORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

1) Change in Demographic Base
2) Change in Major Structural Components of Society
3) Change in Distributive Features of Society
4) Change in _____ of Society

change in demographic base

INDICATORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

> “These are indicators related to aggregative population trends, its changing composition and distribution.”

change in major structural components of society

INDICATORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

> “Functionally distinct ways in which a society produces goods, organizes its knowledge and technology, reproduces itself, and maintains orders.”

change in distributive features of society

INDICATORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

> “This is about how the products of society are allocated across several sectors of the population.

change in aggregative features of society

INDICATORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE:

> “Changes in the whole system with respect to inequalities, variable opportunities, and social welfare.”

innovation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

1) _____
2) diffusion
3) acculturation
4) assimilation
5) social contradictions

diffusion

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

1) innovation
2) _____
3) acculturation
4) assimilation
5) social contradictions

acculturation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

1) innovation
2) diffusion
3) _____
4) assimilation
5) social contradictions

assimilation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

1) innovation
2) diffusion
3) acculturation
4) _____
5) social contradictions

social contradictions

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

1) innovation
2) diffusion
3) acculturation
4) assimilation
5) _____

innovation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

This refers to a new application of knowledge; it is the mechanism of creation of new ideas, new techniques or new behaviors which make social and cultural changes possible.

technological and social innovation

What are the 2 types of Innovation?

technological innovation

This type of Innovation refers to the advancement related to the invention or improvement of product and processes with the objective of making life easier.

social innovation

This type of Innovation refers to developments or improvements on existing social practices whose objectives is satisfying the needs and improving lives in society, can be treated as solutions to social problems.

diffusion

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

This refers to the spread of cultural traits, ideas, or innovations from one society to another. It can happen through trade, migration, communication, or media.

acculturation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

This refers to a situation that occurs when one culture adopts certain elements of another culture through prolonged contact while maintaining its unique identity. It involves selective adaptation rather than complete change.

assimilation

SOURCES OF CHANGE:

This refers to a process by which a minority group gradually adopts the culture of a dominant group, often losing its original cultural identity in the process.