Exam

What branch of chemistry is concerned with the study of carbon compounds?

organic chemistry

What branch of chemistry is concerned with the study of processes that occur in living things?

biochemistry

What branch of chemistry is concerned with the use of computers to predict the properties of new compounds?

theoretical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: investigating energy relationships for various reactions?

physical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: comparing properties of alcohols with those of sugars?

organic chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: studying the reactions that occur during the digestion of food?

biochemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: carrying out tests to identify unknown substances?

analytical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: developing a new plastic that is safer to burn in the environment?

theoretical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: finding information at the scene of a crime?

analytical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: using a computer model to see how an enzyme will function?

theoretical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: exploring the reactions that take place in a human liver?

biochemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: working for an oil company and trying to design a better gasoline?

organic chemistry (fuel is carbon-based)

What branch of chemistry would include: trying to find out the nature of a substance in a mummy's wrap?

analytical chemistry

What branch of chemistry would include: working for a pharmaceutical company and examining the protein on the coating of a virus?

biochemistry

What is organic chemistry?

study of most carbon-containing compounds

What is inorganic chemistry?

study of all substances containing elements other than carbon (anything not classified as organic, like metals)

What is physical chemistry?

study of properties transformations and relationships between energy & matter

What is biochemistry?

study of all substances and processes in living things

What is analytical chemistry?

identification of substances and the qualitative/quantitative determination of the composition of materials

What is theoretical chemistry?

use of math and computers to understand principles behind observed chemical behaviors and to design/predict the properties of new compounds

Name five specialized areas within the main 6 branches of chemistry and what they are.

pharmaceutical (new drugs + drug interaction), nutritional (calories, fats, vitamins), food (flavors), color (fibers, colors in crayons), radiation (radiation in medics) chemistry

What is basic research carried out for?

increasing knowledge

What is applied research carried out for?

solve problems

What is technological development carried out for?

make products to improve life

What kind of research/development is: a new type of refrigerant developed that is less damaging to the environment?

applied research

What kind of research/development is: a new element is synthesized in a particle accelerator?

basic research

What kind of research/development is: a computer chip redesigned to increase the speed of a computer?

technological development

What kind of research/development is: a quality assurance test performed after complains from dissatisfied customers?

applied research

What kind of research/development is: a lab in a university surveys all the reactions involving bromine?

basic research

What kind of research/development is: a pharmaceutical company explores a disease in order to produce a medicine?

applied research

What kind of research/development is: a scientist investigating the cause of the ozone hole?

basic research

What kind of research/development is: a pharmaceutical company discovers a more efficient method of producing a drug?

technological development

What kind of research/development is: a chemical company develops a new biodegradable plastic?

applied research (solving problem of plastic not degrading) OR technological development (better for environment)

What kind of research/development is: a laboratory explores the use of ozone to inactivate bacteria in a drinking-water system?

applied research

What kind of research/development is: a university plans to map all the genes on human chromosomes?

basic research

What kind of research/development is: a research team intends to find out why a lake remains polluted?

basic research (they don't mention actually solving the problem, so it's not applied)

What kind of research/development is: a science teacher looks for paint that will allow graffiti to be easily removed?

technological development

What kind of research/development is: a cancer research institute explores the chemistry of the cell?

applied research (cancer is the problem)

What kind of research/development is: a professor explores the toxic compounds in marine animals?

basic research

Technological developments of a chemical products often...

a) lag behind basic research on the same substance

b) involve accidental discoveries

c) are designed to understand a practical problem

d) are done for the sake of learning something new

a

The primary motivation behind basic research is to...

a) develop new products

b) make money

c) understand an environmental problem

d) gain knowledge

d

What is the goal of scientific investigation?

explain and predict natural phenomena

In relation to observing/collecting data, what is a system?

specific portion of matter selected for study during experiment

What is a theory?

generalizations explains a body of known facts, proven successful but not necessarily true

What is a law?

generalization known worldwide that describes a variety of natural behaviors, always true (ex. law of conservation of mass)

What is matter?

anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)

What is mass?

measure of the quantity of something (amount of matter, ex. 8 grams)

What is weight?

measure of gravitational attraction for something

What is inertia? (Don't just say "a property of matter." We all saw Bill Nye.)

resistance to change in motion, directly proportional to amount of matter that has to be moved (more mass means more resistance to movement. Think of a roller coaster that jerks you from side to side as it turns)

What is the law of conservation of mass/energy?

mass/energy cannot be created or destroyed

What is energy?

ability to cause change/do work

What is kinetic energy?

energy of moving object

What is potential energy?

energy an object has because of position or composition (stored energy, like a book on the top shelf)

What are the four states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

What is plasma?

high-temp physical state where atoms lose their electrons; a gaseous system of positively charged particles and negatively charged electrons

What is an extensive property?

depends on the amount of matter present (ex. mass)

What is an intensive property?

does NOT depend on amount of matter (ex. density)

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?

qualitative are descriptions (ex. blue, cloudy), quantitative are numerical (ex. 38 g)

Identify the observation as qualitative, quantitative, or both: substance floats on water

qualitative

Identify the observation as qualitative, quantitative, or both: material is malleable

qualitative

Identify the observation as qualitative, quantitative, or both: substance has a temperature of 55.6 degrees C

quantitative

Identify the observation as qualitative, quantitative, or both: substance is white, opaque w/ sediment forming

qualitative

Identify the observation as qualitative, quantitative, or both: substance has a volume of 34 mL and a very strong odor

both

How are models related to hypotheses?

used to make or prove/disprove hypotheses

How are models related to theories?

contained within a theory to explain it

How done am I with chemistry?

very

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: blue color

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: density

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: flammability (burns)

c

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: solubility (dissolves)

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: reacts with acid

c

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: supports combustion

c

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: sour taste

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: melting point

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: reacts with water

c

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: hardness

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: boiling point

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: luster

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: odor

p

Identify the following as a chemical (C) or physical (P) property: reacts with air

c

What is a physical property?

can be observed without altering identity of the material (does not destroy the material)

What is a chemical property?

ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters its identity (matter will be changed into new substance)

What is a physical change?

change that does not result in change of identity (no new substance is formed. change in size, shape, color, etc.)

What is a chemical change?

change converting substances into different substances with different characteristics (new substance is formed)

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: NaCL (table salt) dissolves in water

p

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: Ag (Silver) tarnishes

c

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: apple is cut

p

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: heat changes H2O to steam

p

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: baking soda reacts to vinegar

c

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: Fe (Iron) rusts

c

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: alcohol evaporates

p

Identify the following as physical (P) or chemical (C) changes: ice melts

p