Cytology I

What are the five main features of a cell? (S,A,C,H,D)

• Smallest functional unit of the body

• All organisms are made of cells

• Carry out vital chemical processes

• Humans are multicellular

• Differentiated and adaptive

Describe the process of cell development in a system

Cells>Tissues>Organs>Organs Systems

What the main role of the nucleus?

Processes information and administration in a cell

How many nuclei are usually present per cell?

One

What cell does not contain a nucleus?

Erythrocyte

What is the largest feature of a cell?

Nucleus

What is the nucleus enclosed within?

Porous nuclear envelope

What are the three main functions of the nucleus?

• Stores DNA

• Directs all metabolic activities of the cell (growth, metabolism, reproduction)

• Protein synthesis

What are two main features of a cell membrane?

• Two layers

• Partially permeable

What is embedded in a cell membrane?

• Phospholipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrate

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids in a cell membrane?

• Hydrophillic - face outwards

• Hydrophobic - face inwards

What type of transport takes place at the cell membrane?

Selective

What the role of the receptor on a cell membrane?

Acts as a hormone or enzyme

What are five functions of the cell membrane? (C,C,R,A,A)

• Contain cell contents

• Carbohydrates molecules provide immunological identity

• Regulate transport

• Acts as receptors, e.g. for hormones

• Allows directed cell or organelle mobility

What is the cytoplasm?

Gel, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells

What is the main parts of the cytoplasm?

• Water

• Solutes (proteins, glucose and ions )

What are some examples of vital cellular chemicals within the cytoplasm?

Sodium, phosphates, ARO, Chlorides, Phosphates

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration providing ATP for metabolic activity

What increase the surface area of mitochondria?

Cristae

What is cristae?

Folded inner membrane allowing maximum surface area for chemical reactions

What type of membrane does the mitochondria have?

Double - inner & outer