Chapter 9: Cardiovascular System

Valve

valvul/o

Atrium (upper chambers)

atri/o

Septum

sept/o

Ventricle

ventricul/o

Heart

cardi/o, coron/o

Vessel

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

Aorta

aort/o

Artery

arteri/o

Fatty Plaque

ather/o

Vein

phleb/o, ven/o

Angina Pectoris

Pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

Arrythmia

irregular heartbeat

dysrhythmia

irregular heartbeat

palpitation

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

pectoralgia

chest pain

aortalgia

pain in the aorta

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

hemorrhage

loss of blood

phlebalgia

pain in vein

endocardium

tissue lining the inside of the heart

epicardium

tissue lining the outside of the heart

myocardium

heart muscle tissue

pericardium

tissue around the heart

bradycardia

slow heartbeat

cardiomegaly

enlarged heart

cyanosis

bluish appearance to the skin, a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen

murmur

abnormal heart sound

tachycardia

rapid heartbeat

vena cava

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

inferior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

superior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

angiogenesis

development of blood vessels

angiolith

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angiopoiesis

formation of blood vessels

angiosclerosis

hardening of a blood vessel

aortectasia

dilation of the aorta

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

aortolith

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

arteriolith

stone in the artery

arteriorrhexis

rupture of an artery

arteriorsclerosis

hardening of an artery

atherogenesis

formation of fatty plaque of the wall of a artery

athersclerosis

hardening of an artery due to build up of fatty plaque

embolism

blockage of a vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

occulsion

closing of blockage of a passage

phlebosclerosis

hardening of a vein

thrombus

blood clot

varicose veins

an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

vasospasm

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

venosclerosis

hardening of a vein

venospasm

involuntary contraction of a vein

venostasis

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

angiogram

record of the blood vessels

angiography

procedure to describe the blood vessel

aortogram

record of the aorta

arteriogram

record of the artery

venogram

record of a vein

angioscope

instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

cardiac catheterization

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

echocardiogram

ultrasound of the heart

echocardiography

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart

electrocardiogram

record of the electrical currents of the heart

electrocardiography

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

sonography

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

stress electrocardiogram

records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress

transesophageal echocardiogram

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

vascular endoscopy

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

diastolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

systolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels what heart is contracted

cardiologist

heart specialist

cardiology

branch of medicine dealing w/ the heart

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

circulation

moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

coronary circulation

circulation of blood from the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)

pulmonary circulation

circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

systemic circulation

circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

phlebotogist

specialist in the veins

phlebology

study of veins

phlebotomist

one who draws blood

phlebotomy

incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood

cardiotoxic

poisonous to the heart

angiocarditis

inflammation of the heart vessels

atrial fibrillation

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the hearts atrium

atrial septal defect (ASD)

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

cardiac arrest

cessation of functional circulation

cardiomyopathy

disease of heart muscle

congestive cardiomyopathy

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

dilated cardiomyopathy

another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

restrictive cardiomyopathy

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

carditis

inflammation of the heart

congentital heart defect

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

coronary thrombosis

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

endocarditis

inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

myocardial infarction

death of heart muscle tissue

myocardial ischemia

blockage of blood to the heart muscle