CPSC final

Some web pages are "invisible." That is, no search engine will return them in a query. Why do these pages exist?

No other web page links to them, they are synthetic, they are file types browsers don't understand (all of the above)

The main responsibility of a crawler is to...

build a list of tokens that are associated with each page

When picking additional sources you should choose...

independent sources

Enclosing search terms in quotes asks for pages with...

The search terms in the exact order as written

When searching on Google, this is the same as using the AND keyword.

Blank space

A primary source is...

A person with direct knowledge

Who is in charge of the World Wide Web?

No one

When should a researcher be skeptical of a primary source?

Always; the researcher should verify the information from other sources

After finding the web page you want, what is the next question you should ask yourself?

Is the information authoritative?

The higher the \_______ is, the closer to the top of the list a web page will be in the returned results of a search query.

pagerank

\_________ in Google search queries are interpreted as AND.

Spaces

The main work of the \________ is to build an index.

crawler

If a web page meets all the authoritative rules given in this chapter, it can still contain \______ information.

false

\_______________- is the keyboard shortcut for finding certain words on a web page.

^F: Ctrl+F or Command+F

Treating query terms as independent is almost \_______ what you actually want.

always

Wikipedia is validated by \_______.

no one

Wikipedia is not considered a \______ source.

credible

Crawlers crawl less than \_____ of the Web.

half

To find corroborating information on the Web, you should always \___________ with another independent web page.

cross-check

How many symbols can be represented by four bits?
a) 12
b) 16
c) 36
d) 256

b) 16

PandA representation is what kind of system?
a) decimal
b) binary
c) hexadecimal
d) byte

b) binary

What was used to help structure the digitized Oxford English Dictionary
a) bytes
b) sets
c) ASCII
d) tags

d) tags

This defines how characters relate to each other when they are compared
a) digitizing
b) binary sequence
c) collating sequence
d) information representation

c) collating sequence

When using physical phenomena to encode information, name one potential solution if there are more than two alternatives.
a) there is no solution
b) adopt them all as present
c) adopt one as present and all the other alternatives as absent
d) adopt them all as absent

c) adopt one as present and all the other alternatives as absent

Information describing information is called
a) special information
b) metadata
c) special-data
d) formatting

b) metadata

K bits in a sequence yield how many symbols?
a) K2
b) 2K (2 to the power of K)
c) K
d) 2

b) 2K (2 to the power of K)

PandA is short for \_______

Presence and absence

\______ encode information on DVDs and CDs

bumps or pits

Hexadecimal is base \_____

16

Grouping binary digits in groups of four makes converting to \____
easier

hex

\____ is the name we use for the two fundamental patterns of digital inform
based on the presence and absence of a phenomenon.

PandA

Information is said to be \____, or distinct; there is no gray.

discrete

The number of digits is the \____ or the \____ of the numbering system.

base, radix

The more symbols you want, the more \____ you need.

bits

\____ is representing information with symbols.

digitizing

1. Put the following binary values representing the intensity of green in order from
least intense to most intense:
1111 1100, 1111 1111, 1100 0000, 1111 0000
a) 1111 1100, 1111 1111, 1100 0000, 1111 0000
b) 1111 1111, 1100 0000, 1111 0000, 1111 1100
c) 1111 1111, 1111 1100, 1111 0000, 1100 0000
d) 1100 0000, 1111 0000, 1111 1100, 1111 1111

d) 1100 0000, 1111 0000, 1111 1100, 1111 1111

The RGB setting for blue is (O is off, 1 is on)
a) 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
b) 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
c) 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000
d) 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111

d) 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111

People tend to be sensitive to small changes in \____, but not to small changes in \____
a) brightness, color
b) color, brightness
c) brightness, contrast
d) color, contrast

a) brightness, color

Analog information is
a) discrete
b) continuous
c) random
d) digital

b) continuous

According to the Nyquist rule, the sampling rate for sound should be roughly
a) half of what humans can hear
b) the same as what humans can hear
c)twice what humans can hear
d) three times what humans can hear

c)twice what humans can hear

The accuracy of a digitized sound is determined by
a) the sampling rate
b) the precision of the sample
c) the size of the digitized file
d) all of the above

a) the sampling rate

A digital-to-analog converter
a) changes digital information to analog waves
b) converts continuous sound to digital sound
c)converts sound to an electrical signal
d) sets approximated values

a) changes digital information to analog waves

Do GIF files display vertical or horizontal bands better?
a) vertical
b) horizontal
c) neither
d) both

b) horizontal

Jessica Simpson's "A Little Bit" is 3 minutes 47 seconds long. How many bits is
this?
a) 1.411.200
b) 40,042.800
c) 84.672,000
d) 320,342.400

d) 320,342.400

Raymond Kurzweil is known as the inventor of
a) computer science
b) text-to-speech generation
c) image compression
d) virtual reality

b) text-to-speech generation

GB values are usually stored as three \___

bytes

\____ is the limit that defines the maximum rate that information can be transmitted

speed of light

All colors with equal intensities of RGB subpixels are either \___, \____, or shades of gray.

black, white

\___ is the term used when digital values are converted to create an analog sound

interpolation

\____sound removes the highest and lowest samplings as part of its compression algorithmn.

MP3

Pixel color is determined solely by the\____ of the color.

intensity

In OCR, each pixel is an estimate of how \_____ the corresponding area is.

dark

On the computer, \____means to store or transmit information with fewer bits.

compression

A process that allows the computer to "read" printed characters is called \____

optical character recognition

To increase the \_____ of a photo, you should increase the difference between the light and dark parts.

contrast

When converting analog sound to digital sound, using \______ bits yields a more accurate digitization

more

JPEG is to still images what \____ is to motion pictures

MPEG

The\____states that bits can represent all discrete information even though the bits have no meaning of their own.

Bias-Free Universal Medium Principle

GIF images are limited to \____
colors.

256

A machine instruction uses how many bytes of memory?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 128

c) 4

Converting code that a programmer writes into assembly code is called
a) compiling
b) assembling
C) F/E cycle
d) integrating

a) compiling

What has made computers faster?
a) making everything out of silicon
b) making everything smaller
c) making everything farther apart
d) making the F/E cycle more complicated

b) making everything smaller

Which of the following is used for input and output?
a) keyboard
b) hard disk
c) mouse
d) printer

b) hard disk

The processor has how many moving parts?
a) too many to count
b) 8
c) 2
d) 0

d) 0

From smallest to largest, the correct order of prefixes is
a) giga, kilo, mega, tera
b) kilo, mega, giga, tera
c) tera, kilo, mega, giga
d) kilo, mega, tera, giga

b) kilo, mega, giga, tera

Modern computers know
a) only a few instructions
b) a couple dozen instructions
c) about a hundred instructions
d) thousands of instructions

c) about a hundred instructions

Rerunning a program with the same data produces
a) different results depending on the time of day
b) exactly the same result every time
c) different results depending on which computer it is run on
d) the same results most of the time but sometimes it is different

b) exactly the same result every time

If this. Opacity +\= 1.0; increases the opacity, what line of code would decree tit
opacity?
a) this.Opacity \= 1.0;
b) this.Opacity -\= 1.0;
c) this.Opacity ++ 1.0;
d) this.Opacity --1.0;

b) this.Opacity -\= 1.0;

Which of the following characteristics of a computer depends on the number d
Fetch/Execute Cycles it performs per second?
a) memory size
b) price
c) speed
d) ALU

c) speed

\__ deterministically execute instructions to process information.

computers

Without the\___
the processor is not capable of doing anything interesting.

operating system

\____ is an acronym for the name of the location where computer programs run
and data is stored.

RAM

The \___ part of the computer is the hardware part of the Fetch/Execute Cycle.

control unit

In addition to fetching instructions, the F/E cycle also fetches \____

data

The math in the computer is done by the \___

ALU

The \____ encodes keystrokes into binary form for the computer.

keyboard

The computer's clock speed is measured in \____

hertz

Every memory location has a(n) \____

address

The \___ keeps track of the next instruction to execute

program counter

\____is a long list of words, more accurately, a long series of O's and 1's that make up a computer program.

binary object file

A \___ is required for every peripheral connected to your computer.

driver

\_____ is a program that extends the operations a computer can perform beyond the hardwired machine instructions.

operating system

An algorithm is a(n)
a) list of general nonspecific steps to produce an output
b) logarithm
c) systematic method for producing a specified result
d) math problem

c) systematic method for producing a specified result

Algorithms are used by
a) only computers
b) only humans
c) various agents
d) no one, they are not real

c) various agents

Algorithms must always
a) produce output
b) produce output or state that there is no solution
c) produce input or state that there is no solution
d) state that there is no solution

b) produce output or state that there is no solution

Algorithms are guaranteed to work
a) 99.9 percent of the time
b) 100 percent of the time
c) depends on the computers they are running on
d) 50 percent of the time

b) 100 percent of the time

When writing an algorithm in a natural language it is helpful to use \___ instead of \____
a) programming language, natural language
b) nouns, pronouns
c) abbreviations, actual words
d) nouns, adjectives

b) nouns, pronouns

If an algorithm is performed with the same data, at different times with different agents the output will be
a) the same
b) different
c) sometimes different and sometimes the same
d) impossible to tell

a) the same

How many algorithms can solve one specific problem?
a) only one
b) many
c) it depends on the type of algorithm

b) many

Programs containing \___ cannot be verified exhaustively.

loops

A program is an algorithm that has been \___

specialized

Algorithms must be\___; they eventually stop with the right output or a statement that no solution is possible.

finite

Algorithms must be definite. They must specify ordered steps, including details on how to \____

handle errors

The steps in algorithms must be \___ so that the agent is able to do it.

unambiguous

When you forget your password
A. the system administrator gives you a one-time password to use and then
prompts you to create a new password
B. the system administrator looks up your password
C. The system administrator unscrambles your password and gives it to you
D. the system administrator assigns a new password for you to use

A. the system administrator gives you a one-time password to use and then
prompts you to create a new password

Copyrighted material may be used
a. only in nonprofit instances
b. only when written permission is granted
c. if proper credit is given to the owner
d. without permission in limited circumstances

b. only when written permission is granted

If you commit a crime on the Internet, who can determine your real identity?
a. your parents
b. your school officials
C. no one, you are anonymous
d. the law

d. the law

When emailing, how many topics should consider limiting each individual email
to?
a. no more than three
b. one
C. any number is fine as long as you explain each one in detail
d. it depends on the recipient

b. one

When using a 1-way cipher, who knows your password?
a. only you
b. you and your administrator
c. you, your parents, and your administrator
d. you, your administrator, and the government

a. only you

Under most circumstances, what prevents a stranger from resetting your user
password?
a. the site administrator
b. the government
C. security questions
d. nothing

C. security questions