Chapter 4-5

What is epithelial tissue

covers body surfaces; lines body cavities, hollow organs, and ducts; forms glands

What is connective tissue

Protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, provides immunity

What is muscular tissue

generates the physical force needed to make body structures move (contractual)

What is nervous tissue

detects changes inside and outside the body; initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities

What is epithelial tissue apical surface

cover surfaces and line cavities; free surface

What is epithelial tissue basement membrane

basal layer, connective tissue; connects below apical layer

What does epithelial avascular mean

no blood vessels

Does the epithelial tissue have a nerve supply

yes

Does epithelial tissue have a high capacity for cell division

yes

What is the simple epithelial layer

one layer of cells

What is the stratified epithelium layer

more than one layer of cells

What is the squamous cell shape in the epithelium layer

flat

What is the cuboidal cell shape in the epithelium layer

cube

What is the columnar cell shape in the epithelium layer

rectangle

What is the transitional cell shape in the epithelium layer

changes shape

What is the apical cell shape in the epithelium layer

outer most

What is pseudostratified epithelium

varies in height, one layer

What is the function of the simple squamous epithelium

quick transportation; filtration, diffusion, osmosis, secretion, absorption

What is the endothelium layer

simple squamous epithelium lining heart, blood, lymphatic vessels

What is the mesothelium layer

simple squamous epithelium in the pericardium (serous membrane)

Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium

in thyroid glands and kidneys; cube shaped cells and rounded nucleus

What is the simple columnar epithelium

one layer, rectangular

What type of non-ciliated cells are in the simple columnar epithelium

microcvilli and goblet

What is microvilli

increase surface area for absorption

What is a goblet cell

secretes mucus

Where is the non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory

What cells are in the ciliated simple columnar epithelium

goblet and cilia

Where is cilitated epithelium found

respiratory and reproductive

What is the function of the ciliated simple columnar epithelium

trap debris, clear mucus, provide movement

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium located

respiratory tract

What is the function of the pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium

trap debris, clear mucus, provide movement

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized and non-keratinized

Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

Where is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found

lining of mouth or moist areas

Where is the stratified cuboidal epithelium location

ducts of glands

What is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium

protection, secretion, absorption

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found

lining glands

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium

protection and secretion

What can the cells do for transitional epithelium

stretch or distend

Where is transitional epithelium found

urinary bladder and ureters

What is the function of the transitional epithelium

flexibility for distention

What is the function for glandular epithelium

secretion

What are the two types of glandular epithelium

endocrine and exocrine

What does the endocrine glandular epithelium do

secrete hormones, ductless gland

What does the exocrine glandular epithelium do

secretes into ducts to exterior surfaces or interior spaces (sweat)

What is the most abundant tissue type

connective tissue

What is the function of connective tissue

support, strengthen, protect, insulate, transport, energy, and immunity

Does connective tissue have a good blood supply

yes

What is the job of fibroblasts in connective tissue

secrete fibers and ground substance

What is selected leukocytes in connective tissue

white blood cells

What is the function of phagocytes in connective tissue

engulf bacteria and cell debris by phagocytosis

What is the role of plasma cells in connective tissue

make antibodies; immunoglobulins

What is the role of eosinophils in connective tissue

allergic and parasitic response

What are mast cells in connective tissue

release histamine (allergy symptoms); near blood cells

What is the role of adipocytes in connective tissue

store triglycerides (fat); fat cells

What is connective tissue embedded in

fluid, gel, solid protein fibers

What are the three types of fibers in connective tissue

collagen, elastic, reticular

What are collagen fibers in connective tissue

strong and flexible

What are elastic fibers in connective tissues

smaller stretch and return to normal length

What are reticular fibers in connective tissue

provide support and strength

What is the purpose of stroma

tissue within an organ; support internal organs and bind smooth muscle

What cell types are in loose areolar connective tissue

all cell types

What fiber types are in loose areolar connective tissue

all fiber types

Is loose areolar connective tissue organized

no

Is loose areolar connective tissue common in the body

yes

What is adipose connective tissue for

stores triglycerides

What is the function of adipose connective tissue

insulation and energy

Is adipose connective tissue found with areolar connective tissue

yes

An increase in adipose means

increase in blood vessels

What does reticular connective tissue have

reticular fibers and cells

Does reticular connective tissue form stoma

yes

Where is reticular connective tissue located

immune tissues; lymph nodes

What are dense regular connective tissue

bundles of organized collagens; withstand force

Where is dense regular connective tissue found

tendons and ligaments

What is dense irregular connective tissue

unorganized packed collagen fibers

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found

dermis, heart valves, perichondrium, periosteum

What is periosteum

covers bone

What is perichondrium

covers cartilage

What is the function of elastic connective tissue

strong and can recoil to original shape

Where is elastic connective tissue found

lungs, heart aorta, arteries

What is cartilage

dense network of collagen and elastic fibers

What are cartilage cells

chondrocytes

Does cartilage have blood vessels or nerves

no

What is lacunae in chondrocytes

space where chondrocytes are trapped

What are the three types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

What is hyaline cartilage

fibers not easily visible

What is fibrocartilage cartilage

visible fibers

What is elastic cartilage

chondrocytes in threadlike networks

What is the weakest type of cartilage

hyaline

What is the function of hyaline cartilage

flexibility and support, reduce friction, absorb shock

What is the strongest type of cartilage

fibrocartilage

Where is fibrocartilage found

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Where is elastic cartilage found

external ear

What cartilages have perichondrium

hyaline and elastic

Is bone connective tissue

yes

What are the two types of liquid connective tissue

blood and lymph

What are the three types of muscular tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

What are the characteristic of muscular tissue

large, elongated cells and contractile

Where is skeletal muscle located

attached to bones

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary

voluntary