Reproductive system

cervic/o

neck, cervix

colp/o

vagina

-gravida

pregnant

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o

uterus

mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation, menses

crypt/o

hidden

balan/o

glans penis

hemat/o

blood

leuk/o

white

mamm/o

breast

metr/o

uterus

my/o

muscle

nat/o

birth

olig/o

scanty

oophor/o

ovaries

pen/i

penis

phall/i

penis

spermat/o

sperm

testicu/o

testicles

uter/o

uterus

vas/o

vas deferens

orchid/o

testicles

ov/o

egg, ovum

ovari/o

ovary

-para

to give birth

-pexy

surgical fixation

salping/o

fallopian tube

test/i

testicle, testis

vagin/o

vagina

abruptio placentae

a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

amenorrhea

the abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

amniocentesis

a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

andropause

the decrease of the male hormone testosterone

Apgar score

a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

azoospermia

absence of sperm in the semen

cervical dysplasia

the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

chlamydia

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis

chorionic villus sampling

a diagnostic test to search for genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus

colostrum

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

colpopexy

surgical fixation of the vagina to a surrounding structure

colporrhaphy

surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

colposcopy

the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

dysmenorrhea

pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

eclampsia

a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

ectopic pregnancy

the condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus

endocervicitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

endometriosis

a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

episiotomy

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

fibroadenoma

a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast

fibrocystic breast disease

the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

galactorrhea

the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding

gonorrhea

a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

hematospermia

the presence of blood in the seminal fluid

hydrocele

a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

hypomenorrhea

an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

hysterosalpingography

a radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysteroscopy

the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

leukorrhea

a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina

mastalgia

pain in the breast

mastopexy

surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry)

menarche

the first menstrual period

menometrorrhagia

excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

neonate

newborn baby

nulligravida

a woman who has never been pregnant

nullipara

a woman who has never borne a viable child

obstetrician

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

oligomenorrhea

infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods

oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

orchidectomy

surgical removal of one or both testicles

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of a testicle

pelvic inflammatory disease

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy

perimenopause

the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

Peyronie's disease

a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

placenta previa

the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

polycystic ovary syndrome

a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles

preeclampsia

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

priapism

a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

primigravida

a woman who is pregnant for the first time

primipara

a woman who has borne one viable child

pruritus vulvae

severe itching of the external female genitalia

salpingo-oophorectomy

the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

syphilis

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum

trichomoniasis

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis

uterine prolapse

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

varicocele

a knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

vasovasostomy

a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male; also known as a vasectomy reversal

genitalia

reproductive organs

perineum

the external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

scrotum

sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

testicles

the two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm

epididymis

coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle

spermatic cord

extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle

sperm

male reproductive cell

semen

the whitish fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated through the urethra at the peak of male sexual excitement

spermatogenesis

the process of sperm formation