history final study guide

Held in New York in 1848, the first women's rights convention in the United States.

Seneca Falls Convention

Nat Turner

organized and led the only sustained slave rebellion in American history, for which he was tried and hanged

Gadsden Purchase

The 1853 purchase of the land (present-day Arizona and New Mexico) from Mexico.

Abolition Movement

A nineteenth-century movement that sought an end to slavery.

Autonomy

The independent control over one's own affairs.

Frederick Douglas

Was born a slave in Maryland and escaped to the North in 1838. In 1841, he spontaneously shared his experiences as a slave at an antislavery convention, and he soon became a speaker for the abolitionist cause.

Horace Mann

worked to establish free public schools that all children were required by law to attend. Father of modern-day education.

Oregon trail

A trail from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s.

Suffrage

the right to vote

forty-niner

A miner who went to California after the discovery of gold in 1848.

When Texas declared independence from Mexico

they immediately outlawed slavery in order to be granted statehood by the US.

The Women's Rights Movement of the 1800s aimed to

grant women suffrage.

People who traveled along the Oregon Trail traveled from

east to west.

The Donner Party became stranded after their wagon broke which led to

starvation, death, and cannibalism on the Oregon Trail.

The Missouri Compromise stated that

slavery would be outlawed north of Missouri's southern border.

The Alamo is especially important to Texan history. Texan Revolutionaries held out against Santa Anna's troops until many of them were slaughtered. The Alamo was originally

a Spanish mission

New Mexico, Texas, and California attracted expansionists because

they were rich in resources and thinly settled.

Which of the following created unrest between the North and the South?

California's application for statehood

Mexican leader during the Mexican-American War

General Santa Anna

Which of the following was a condition placed on American settlers moving to Texas?

Settlers must worship as Roman Catholics. Anglo-Texans must become Mexican citizens. Slavery, as banned by the Mexican constitution, must be not practiced.

Treaty that ended the Mexican-American war

Guadalupe Hidalgo

People who believed in Manifest Destiny were known as

Expansionists

\________ made an agreement to divide the Oregon Territory with the United States.

Britain

Which of the following is an accurate statement about emigrants heading west in the mid

1800s?- Emigrants usually traveled in wagon trains of 50 to 1,000 people.

Texas, once independent, was known as the what?

lone star republic

Which of the following is true about the Wilmot Proviso?

it divided congress

\__________ was the journalist who coined the term "Manifest Destiny".

Sullivan

Who was the president of the United States during the Mexican-American War?

James Polk

In 1851, the \_________ restricted Native Americans from areas near wagon routes.

Treaty of Fort Laramie

The belief was that it was God's plan for the United States to own most or all of North America.

Manifest Destiny

Mormons traveled the Mormon trail in order to set up a new religious colony in the west called

New Zion (UTAH)

Why is the US Constitution important to world history?

it was the first constitution to be created and it helped other countries see independence and an elected government compared to tyranny or dictatorship.

Who was the second President of the United States? What party/ideology did they belong to?

John Adams;federalist

Who is most associated with Federalism/Federalists?

Alexander Hamilton

What were some differences between Hamilton's and Jefferson's views of our nation?

Jefferson wanted to cut the national debt while Hamilton wanted to pay the interest

What were two important precedents set by George Washington?

George Washington set two precedents which were the cabinet and only serving 2 terms as president.

Who were the first three presidents of the United States?

Washington, Adams, and Jefferson.

Who was George Washington's Vice President?

John Adams

Why was and is Washington's Presidency important? What is his legacy?

he was the first president and set important precedents. His presidency helped other presidents lead the world, he set up a strong central government and helped fix the national debt.

What made Lewis & Clark's expedition significant?

they discovered uncovered lands, mapped different components of the land, find animals, and new ways to survive, and made relations with the Native Tribes.

Why was Jefferson's election considered a "Democratic Republican revolution"?-

he was doing tasks differently from other presidents. Adams and Washington were a federalist party so they mainly did federalist actions compared to Jefferson.

What were three events or situations that led to the War of 1812?

impressments, the re-export trade, and invasions such as the forts and other wars on US land.

How have the tensions between the British and us increased since the end of the Revolution?

the British started impressments by stealing American ships and sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy.

How did the War of 1812 begin?

issues with Britain and the US involving trade, impressments, and smaller wars with Native Americans.

How did the Industrial Revolution change society entirely?

affected the way people lived and worked from manual labor at home to machine-operated labor in big factories.

Who was the principal author of the Missouri Compromise?

Henry Clay

Which invention revived the institution of slavery?

Cotton Gin

What are some factors that lead to the Mexican

American War?- Polk sent his men to the disputed territory, provoking Mexico to attack. The disputed territory also set some issues because Mexico believed that was their land while the U.S. wanted that land to be part of Texas. The U.S. wanted westward expansion so they wanted to take Mexico's land too.

Which two states were briefly countries before being annexed by the US during this time period?

Texas and New Mexico

What was the main issue that led to the Civil War?

slavery

What is the book Uncle Tom's Cabin about?

horrors of slavery

Who was John Brown

an abolitionist who led the execution of pro-slavery settlers.

What was "Bleeding Kansas"?

all the bloody violence that happened in Kansas such as the execution of 5 proslavery settlers.

One role of the Legislative Branch of the federal government-

Make Laws

Guarantees the rights of free speech, press, and freedom of religion.-

1st Amendment

The idea that "nonpersons" be counted not as a full person for the purpose of population and taxation-

3/5 Compromise

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.-

The 4th amendment

Right to bear arms.-

The 2nd amendment

Ended the War of 1812-

Treaty of Ghent

Political party that believed in stronger state and local governments.-

Anti Federalists

Way of getting goods past the British blockade to France and made America's economy boom-

Rexport Trade

Issue not addressed by the Articles of Confederation

Taxes

Combination of the New Jersey and Virginia Plans that gave the United States a bicameral legislature-

The Great Compromise

Political party that believed in a stronger federal government.- .

Federalists

Pushed for war with Britain to restore national pride-

war hawks

Which of the following was one of the policy changes Thomas Jefferson made when he became president?- He planned to retire the national debt by paying it down-

cut bureaucracy.

What was the name of the naval war that Jefferson fought against pirates in the Mediterranean?-

Barbary War

What was the Embargo Act?-

Closed US trade with Britain and France

Which of these would NOT likely support Jefferson's political party?-

wealthy bankers

What did Washington decide to do in relation to France and Britain at war?-

Remain Neutral

Which political party would support a strict construction of the Constitution?

Democratic Republicans

Chief Justice John Marshall

insisted that federal laws were superior to state laws and presiding Marbury vs. Madison.

John Adams served

1 term

Some people felt the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional because they violated

the right to free speech

Why did the United States sign a treaty with Spain?

to guarantee free shipping rights on the Mississippi River

Which of the following was a result of the Louisiana Purchase?

The size of the United States nearly doubled.

What was taxed that caused farmers in Western Pennsylvania to rebel and refuse to pay tax?

whiskey

The Democratic Republicans agreed to Hamilton's Financial Plan in return for

the location of the new capital

What was one of the goals of Lewis and Clark's expedition?

Establish an American presence in the West with Native Americans

What does impressment mean?

British capturing american sailors

Who did the US purchase the Louisiana territory from?

France

Which of the following was a part of Alexander Hamilton's plan for restructuring the nation's debt?

developing a strong commercial and industrial economy

What did Jefferson do to punish the British for impressing American sailors?

Pass the Embargo Act

Which of these men believed MOST in a strict interpretation of the Constitution?

Jefferson

What did Marbury v. Madison establish?

judicial review

Which country was hurt MOST by the Embargo Act?

America

Who did Washington have negotiate a treaty with Britain to stop them from seizing our ships?

John Jay

The XYZ Affair

roused public attitude against France.

Just prior to the Louisiana purchase, what was the western boundary of the US?

Mississippi River

The Judiciary Act of 1789

created a system of thirteen federal district courts.

Why did southern farmers oppose Hamilton's plans for the economy?

They did not favor supporting the economy with industry.

The election of 1796 had an unexpected outcome (Adams was president and Jefferson was Vice

president) because- the president and vice president were different political parities

Who tied Jefferson in the election of 1800 and became his Vice President?

Aaron Burr

One of Washington's most important precedents was the

formation of a cabinet

Which event turned the tide of the conflict in the Ohio Valley?

General Anthony Wayne's victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Whom did Washington choose to lead the State Department?

Jefferson

Which 2 members of Washington's cabinet were considered political rivals?

Hamilton and Jefferson

Missouri slave who sued to obtain his freedom.

Dred Scott

Supreme Court Chief Justice when the Dred Scott case was decided.

Roger B. Taney

This law divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery.

Kansas/Nebraska Act