Ap Art history

What were these figures holding in their clasped hands?

A cup of offerings

Which of the following best describes the system of government used in Mesopotamian kingdoms such as Sumer and Babylon?

Theocracy

identify the work

White Temple of Uruk

What is a theocracy?

A system of government in which the rulers rule through the religion

The purpose of a ziggurat is to

raise the cella above other buildings, closer to the gods

The figures depicted in the relief sculpture represent

the sun god and the king of Babylon

Where would these figures have been found in their original location?

A cella

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Sumerian Votive Figures

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Code of Hammurabi

The widespread practice of creating Sumerian votive figures is indicative of the society's strong emphasis on

Religion and ritual

Which theme of power is most clearly emphasized in this Ancient Egyptian sculpture?

The eternal strength and stability of the pharaoh’s rule

Identify this work.

Palette of Narmer

The presence of the falcon god Horus standing above subdued enemies in this sculpture most directly emphasizes:

The divine approval of the pharaoh's rule

What pharaoh is depicted in this sculpture?

Narmer

The written language inscribed in the stone is

Cuneiform

In what way is this sculpture considered significant in relation to the concept of kingship in ancient Egypt?

It presents kingship as both a political and divine institution

Identify this work.

Menkaura & Queen

What culture created this work?

Babylonian

The changes in artistic practices during the Amarna period that are exemplified by Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters were accompanied by

the introduction of new religious beliefs

How does this sculpture embody Ancient Greek concepts of power?

By idealizing the human body as a reflection of perfection

Identify this work.

Anavysos Kouros

the patron of these sculptures would have been (Sumerian Votive Figures)

Common people

Unlike earlier depictions of athletes from the culture in which it was produced, the seated boxer features wounds, scars, and a broken nose due to the period’s increased interest in

emotional empathy

Who is the artist of the original version of this sculpture?

Polykleitos

The nudity of this sculpture reflects Ancient Greek ideas of power by

Presenting the male body as the ultimate symbol of strength and heroic authority

The subject of this work reveals which of the following about Greek culture?

Their gods were not seen as enforcers of morality

Identify this work.

Doryphoros

Cupid is included in this sculpture to represent

the divine family lineage of the emperor

The raised right arm of Augustus of Prima Porta most directly symbolizes

His position as a speaker and commander of the people

The function of the Athenian Agora was to

create laws and conduct business

Which feature of the Head of a Roman Patrician best reflects Roman Republican ideals of leadership?

Emphasis on old age

Identify this work.

Head of a Roman Patrician

The sculpture shown appears life-like and natural as a result of the

sense of balance provided by the contrapposto stance

Who could enter the inner chamber (cella) of an Ancient Greek temple?

Priests only

The Colosseum in Ancient Rome fits into the philosophy of “bread and circuses” because it:

Provided free entertainment that maintained social order and loyalty to the emperor

The choice of the site for the Colosseum in Rome indicates that Vespasian Flavius sought to

eradicate the memory of Nero by building the structure on an area that had previously belonged to him

The Pantheon in Rome was built to be

a temple dedicated to the worship of the gods

The original patron of the building was

an emperor

This work was originally used as a

grave marker

The Column of Trajan reinforces the emperor's legitimacy by 

commemorating Trajan’s military victories through elaborate sculptures

Identify this work

Pantheon

Who does this sculpture depict?

Augustus

The Forum of Trajan included

A public market

The public market within the Forum of Trajan was most likely included because

It provided goods and food to the Roman people as a visible act of imperial beneficence

Identify this work

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

The Colosseum in Ancient Rome fits into the philosophy of “bread and circuses” because it:

Provided free entertainment that maintained social order and loyalty to the emperor

Which of the following reasons best explains the emperor’s focus on providing games at the Colosseum in Ancient Rome 

He was seen as a generous provider who cared for the people’s needs for distraction and pleasure

In its original use, the Catacomb of Priscilla was designed by its founders to provide a

burial place for members of the early Christian community

While different theories exist about why no Christian art older than the paintings from the Catacomb of Priscilla survived, some scholars theorize that early Christians

avoided making religious images to distinguish themselves from other religions 

These fresco paintings are found in the

Catacomb of Priscilla 

The Röttgen Pietà likely affected its original viewers by

encouraging them to identify with the human suffering of Mary and Christ

What period of Medieval architecture is this?

Gothic

Identify this work.

The Rottgen Pieta

Identify this work.

Chartres Cathedral

In the Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral drew many visitors, primarily because it

housed an important relic of the Virgin Mary

The Reliquary of Sainte Foy commemorates

a martyr's death for her faith

Identify this work.

Seated Boxer

The term pieta refers to 

the scene depicted in this sculpture

This relief sculpture depicts Christ as

a judge

Two structures associated with Byzantium's Emperor Justinian are

Two structures associated with Byzantium's Emperor Justinian are

Identify this work.

The Hagia Sophia

The object functioned as

a reliquary

Some art historians have theorized that in the Justinian panel at San Vitale, the artist divided the figures into three distinct groups in order to

symbolize the balance of imperial, military, and religious powers

This painting functioned as 

an icon

Original viewers of the interior of Hagia Sophia were described as reacting with

awe that its dome seemingly hovered on a ring of light

Identify this work.

Madonna & Child with Two Angels

This subject of this sculpture was a popular symbol of

Florence

Classical influence can be seen in all of the following ways EXCEPT

the subject matter

The artist of this sculpture is

Donatello

The Doryphoros best reflects the Greek concept of humanism by

Celebrating the human form as a measure of perfection and order

Identify this work

Forum of Trajan

The patron of this sculpture is

the Medici Family

This is one of four frescoes decorating

the Pope’s library

Who is the artist of this work?

Raphael

The valuable materials in this sculpture are the result of

donations from pilgrims

What is the subject matter of this fresco?

Classical philosophers

The sibyls painted on the Sistine Chapel ceiling are meant to

align Christian beliefs with classical Greek culture

Who is the patron of this work?

Pope Julius II

The subject of this work reveals which of the following about Greek culture?

Their gods were not seen as enforcers of morality

What is the central theme depicted in the Annunciation Triptych by Robert Campin?

The angel's visit to the Virgin Mary

Identify this work.

The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck

This sculpture is inspired by

Egyptian sculpture

The painting incorporates

religious symbolism

The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck most directly reflects the growing influence of which social class in Northern Europe during the Renaissance?

Merchant class

How does the inclusion of expensive clothing in the Arnolfini Portrait communicate power?

It demonstrates how merchants displayed power through material wealth.

The two kneeling figures in the panel on the left are included because they represent

the patrons who commissioned the altarpiece for private use in their home

The woman's act of holding a balance symbolizes themes related to

Religion and material wealth

Works like Cranach’s Allegory of Law and Grace would have appealed to a wide audience because

Prints were inexpensive and could be reproduced in large quantities

Ruysch's painting of "Fruit and Insects" can be seen as a symbol of

Life and death

At the time it was painted, this work would have been displayed in a 

wealthy merchant’s house

Vermeer’s genre painting of Woman Holding a Balance and Rachel Ruysch’s still life painting Fruit and Insects convey meaning in a similar way by

using depictions of everyday objects to communicate a moral message

The function of this work was to promote

The Protestant Reformation

Identify this work.

The Annunciation Triptych by Robert Campin

Identify the artist.

Ruysch 

What was the primary purpose of the Last Judgment tympanum at the Church of Sainte-Foy?

To educate medieval pilgrims about salvation and inspire fear of damnation

This work conveys meaning by

using everyday moments to communicate a moral message

The work has been interpreted as a visual document of all of the following EXCEPT

Coronation

Which of the following is true of the Gothic period?

Church patronage encouraged religious art.

Art historians have theorized that the differences in tone and style that are evident between Michelangelo’s altar fresco of the Last Judgment and his earlier ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel may be the result of

the beginning of the Reformation, which resulted in religious turmoil and criticism of Catholic practices