Psychology 101

Self-development

is a continuing process and journey toward maturity.

Self

It refers to the total, essential, or particular being of your person.

Self-Concept

It refers on how one thinks about, evaluates, or perceives
himself/herself.

Actual Self, Ideal Self

The two types of self-concepts are?

Ideal Self

An idealized image you developed over time.

Actual Self

The one that you actually see.

Self-Esteem

It refers to one’s overall subjective sense of personal worth or value.

Characteristics

This refers to “unique features or qualities” typically describing you as an adolescent.

Habits

This refers to “special or unique tendencies”, activities and practices that letting go is hard since you have been used to doing them.

Experiences

This refers to “significant happening” that contributed to your unique self and did create impact in your life.

Johari Window

Is a technique that may help you understand yourself better, your relationship with yourself and with others as well.

Johari Window

The American Psychologists, Joseph Luft (1916-
2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916-1995) have created this model in 1955

Open Self

Information about you that both you and others know.

Blind Self

Information about you that you don’t know, but others do.

Hidden Self

Information about you that you know, but others don’t.

Unknown Self

Information about you that neither you nor others know.

Adolescence

Is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood, beginning at about age 12 and lasts until age 21.

Adolescence

This is your developmental stage.

Puberty

the process of physical change wherein a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

Physiological

This refers to how the physical changes in our body influence our thoughts and feelings.

Physiological, Cognitive, Emotional, Spiritual, and Social

What are the five aspects of Human Development?

Cognitive

This refers to how the mental processes in the brain changes as we grow. This includes our capacity to think and reason.

Emotional

This refers to how our emotions vary from time to time.

Social

This refers to how the society poses a strong influence on our personality.

Spiritual

This refers to spirituality and involvement that makes one aware of the existence of the divine.

Thoughts

usually originate from things we have learned both in a right or wrong way.

Feelings

the perception of events within the body, closely related to emotion.

Behavior

is the primary output of attitude says Perez, (2016). He emphasized that it affects our thoughts and feelings, thus, ultimately leading back to its source that is the attitude.

Human Development

is a lifelong process beginning before birth and extending to death.

Jean Piaget

a Swiss psychologist who explained cognitive development through his Stage Theory of Intellectual Development.

Sensorimotor, Pre-Operational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.

What are the 4 stages of Cognitive Development?

Sensorimotor

The exploration of the world through sensory and physical examination.

Pre-Operational

Ability to represent objects with images and words.

Concrete Operational

Developing a mature understanding between cause-and-effect relationships.

Formal Operational

Can reason abstractly and thinks in hypothetical terms.

Erik Erikson

is a German-American developmental psychologist who stated in his theory on Psychosocial Development that adolescents are going to face a struggle
with what they think of themselves and who they want to be.

1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
4. Industry vs Inferiority
5. Identity vs Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
7. Generativity vs Stagnation
8. Ego Integrity vs Despair

8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Morality

is the ability to see an issue from points of view of others than just your own.

Lawrence Kohlberg

is an American Psychologist who studied how children
understand what is right and wrong and how they develop a sense of morality.

1. Obedience and Punishment
2. Individualism and Exchange
3. Good Interpersonal Relationships
4. Maintaining the Social Order
5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
6. Universal Principles

Lawrence Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development

Robert J Havighurst

is a distinguished educator who proposed that there are
specific tasks that come with each stage of development. These tasks that arise during certain periods in your life are being referred to as developmental tasks

1. Sexual Relationships
2. Peer Adjustment
3. Intellectual Maturation
4. Vocational Choice
5. Emotional Maturity

The 5 challenges of Adolescence are?

Sexual Relationships

Emotional difficulties arise because of incorrect or
inadequate information concerning sex.

Peer adjustment

Failure to adjust to peers can lead to feelings of inadequacy and indifference.

Intellectual Maturation

Ways of thinking are developed which may be beneficial or
detrimental to the adolescent’s _____________

Vocational Choice

Many adolescents make little preparation for occupation that may not be practical later in life.

Emotional Maturity

Impulse actions or behaviors may lead to blaming others.

Stress

It is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances.

Stressor

It is a chemical or biological, environment condition, external stimulus, or an event that causes stress to an organism.

1. Homework
2. Parents/Family
3. Social Life
4. Time
5. Sports
6. Others

6 Top Causes of Stress of adolescents

Internal Stressors

Physical and Psychological Ailments

External Stressors

Environmental Factors

Mind Map

is a diagram based on a particular word or idea that is represented in a powerful graphical style.

Central Nervous Endocrine Systems

Controls the fight or flight system.

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems

Breathing more quickly as an effort to deliver oxygen faster to the brain.

Digestive System

Changes in appetite

Muscular System

Tensed Muscles

Immune System

Defends the body from infections

1. Brain
2. Brainstem
3. Cerebellum/Hindbrain
4. Cerebrum/Forebrain
5. Corpus Callosum

What are the 5 Parts of the Brain?

Brain

is a highly essential and powerful part of the human body. It is also considered as the largest and most complex organ of the body.

Brainstem

consists of the medulla, the pons, and the midbrain which controls breathing, digestion, heart rate, and other autonomic processes. This also connects the brain with the spinal cord and the rest of the body

Cerebellum

plays an important role in balance and motor control. It is
also involved in some cognitive functions such as attention, language, emotional functions, such as regulating fear and pleasure responses, and processing procedural memories.

Cerebrum

- makes up 75% of the brain by volume and 85% by weight. It
is divided by a large groove, known as the longitudinal fissure, into two distinct hemispheres.

Corpus callosum

large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the left and right
hemispheres.

1. Hindbrain
2. Mid-brain
3. Forebrain

What are the three main parts of the brain?

Hindbrain

the part of the brain that is responsible for our instinctive, automatic behavior and serves survival functions.

Mid-brain

the part of the brain that is responsible for the conduction and switching of the brain that enables responses like the muscle movements to happen, and for auditory and visual system to transpire in its whole processing procedure.

Forebrain

the part of the brain that takes charge of the intellectual activity and consciousness.

Dyslexia

learning disability of people who have problems with auditory or visual processing.

Frontal Lobe

is located deep in the frontal bone of the skull. It is responsible for memory formation, emotions, decision-making and personality. It is mainly where the
primary motor area is located.

Temporal lobe

contains the primary auditory area. It is located towards the sides near the ear. It is responsible for hearing, processing of the auditory stimuli, organization and comprehension of language, and information retrieval.

Parietal lobe

contains the primary somatosensory area. It is located deep in the parietal bone of the skull. This lobe is responsible for senses and helps integrate sensation, perception or object classification, spatial awareness and knowledge of numbers.

Occipital Lobe

is where the primary visual area can be found. It is located deep in the occipital bone of the skull. It is responsible for the processing, interpretation of visual stimuli and vision. This also receives visual signals from the thalamus and
helps processes visual sensations.

Brain Dominance Theory

suggests learning styles and information processing of
the left-brain and right-brain hemispheres are different.

Whole Brain Theory

based on the notion that the entire brain is active during
mental (cognitive) processing while interacting among other mental processes.

A Quadrant

Logical, Analytical, Technical, Mathematical

B Quadrant

Organizational, Administrative, Conservative

C Quadrant

Interpersonal, Emotional, Spiritual

D Quadrant

Artistic, Holistic, Imaginative

Gardner’s MI Theory

challenges beliefs in the fields of education and cognitive
science.

Howard Gardner

is an American developmental psychologist and a proponent of the Multiple Intelligence Theory. This theory has made impact on the field of education for years and is still very useful to this date.

1. Visual/Spatial
2. Verbal/Linguistic
3. Mathematical/Logical
4. Bodily/Kinesthetic
5. Musical/Rhythmic
6. Intrapersonal
7. Interpersonal
8. Naturalist
9. Existentialist

What are the 9 Intelligences?

Visual/Spatial

children who learn best visually and organizing things spatially. They like to see what you are talking about in order to understand. They enjoy charts, graphs, maps, tables, illustrations, art, puzzles, costumes- anything eye-catching.

Verbal/Linguistic

children who demonstrate strength in the language arts:
speaking, writing, reading, and listening. These students have always been successful in traditional classrooms because their intelligence lends itself to traditional teaching.

Mathematical/Logical

children who display an aptitude for numbers, reasoning,
and problem-solving. This is the other half of the children who typically do well in traditional classrooms where teaching logically sequenced, and students are asked
to conform.

Bodily/Kinesthetic

children who experience learning best through activity: games, movement, hands-on tasks, and building. These children were often labeled “overly active” in traditional classrooms where they were told to sit and be still.

Musical/Rhythmic

children who learn well through songs, patterns, rhythms,
instruments, and musical expressions. It is easy to overlook children with this intelligence in traditional educations.

Intrapersonal

children who are especially in touch with their own feelings, values, and ideas. They may tend to be more reserved, but they are actually quite intuitive about what they learn and how it relates to themselves.

Interpersonal

children who are noticeably people-oriented and outgoing, and do their learning cooperatively in groups or with a partner. These children may have typically been identified as “talkative” or “too concerned about being social” in a
traditional setting.

Naturalist

children who love the outdoors, animals, and field trips. More than this, though, these students love to pick up on subtle difference in meanings. The traditional classroom has not been accommodating to these children.

Existentialist

children who learn in the content of where humankind stands in the “big picture” of existence. They ask, “Why are we here?” and “What is our role in the world?” This intelligence is seen in the discipline of philosophy.

Mind Map

is a diagram based on a particular word or idea. This presents pictures of powerful graphical styles which leads the brain to unlock its potential to explore its possibilities from a word, image, number, logic, rhythm color and spatial
consciousness in a unique manner.

Associative Thinking

is a mental technique that will allow you to explore ideas as
you consider all other possible areas.

Mind Map, Associative Thinking

What are two creative brain activities?

Mental Health and Well-being

are interrelated because they are the very result of
your efforts to balance the aspects of your human development.

Well-being

means being mentally fit in all aspects of your life.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that disrupts normal functioning.

Bipolar Disorder

Unusual mood changes and extremes of emotions such as
happy, highly energetic phase called manic episode.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive anxiety and worrying with difficulty to
control oneself. This has a negative effect when it comes to relating with others.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Persistent fear of socializing with unfamiliar situations or
people.