Physics

Theory

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Formula of angular speed?

Formula of acceleration in circular motion

relationship between speed and angular speed?

Resultant force that acting on an objects moving in circle and always directed towards the center of the circle and perpendicular to the velocity of object

What is centripetal force?

Formula of centripetal force?

\-Force is proportional to the product of 2 masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation

\-Reference to the point masses

State the Newton’s law of gravitation

Formula of Newton’s law of gravitation

force per unit of mass

What is gravitational field strength at a point?

Formula of gravitational field strength

Formular of gravitational potential (in formula book)

Work done per unit of mass that bring a unit of mass from infinity to the point

What is gravitational potential at a point?

Formula of gravitational potential difference?

energy in gravitational is:

It is the direction of force on mass

What is line of gravitational force?

* lines are radial
* radius of the Earth is much larger than the height above the surface, so lines are parallel
* parallel lines → constant field strength

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Because height is much smaller than the radius of Earth so potential inversely proportional to radius, and radius is constant

* Because gravitational force provides centripetal force
* Same gravitational force (by Newton III)

acceleration in simple harmonic motion ( given)

Total energy undergoing simple harmonic motion

angle where the arc is equal to radius at the center of a circle

Define the radian

Light, heavy, critical damping

Lost of energy due to resistive forces

What is damping?

* Acceleration is proportional to displacement
* Acceleration and displacement are opposite direction

State 2 conditions for a mass undergoing simple harmonic motion

Higer amplitude, higher energy

Formula of work done in thermal physics

the thermal energy per unit mass and per unit of change of temperature

or

the thermal energy per unit mass to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree

Define specific heat capacity?

formula of specific heat capacity?

the thermal energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid without changing temperature

Define specific latent heat

2 substances no longer exchange any heat physically, both are the same temperature

define thermal equilibrium

when evaporating,

the distance between molecules is greater

so greater change in volume

the sum of Kinetic energy and Potential energy of molecules that reference to the random distribution

State what is meant by the internal energy of a system

Because there is no intermolecular force, so no potential energy

during melting→ bonds between molecules are broken

Potential energy of molecules is increased

No work done so required input of energy is thermal

number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12

What is The Avogadro constant NA

amount of substance containing NA molecules

What is mole

First law of thermodynamics

obeys (P.V)/T = constant which P is pressure, V is volume and T is temperature

What is ideal gas?

Formula of number of moles in a compound

Equation of P.V

The sum of KE and PE of molecules

State what is meant by the internal energy of a substance

* Time of collision negligible time between collision
* The gas molecules move randomly
* Particles behave as elastic sphere
* No attraction or repulsion between 2 atoms

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State the basic assumption of kinetic theory of gases

The Sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of molecules reference to random distribution

State what is meant by internal energy of a system

V: voltage

D: distance

Formula of electric field

Formula of force in electric field

region where a particle experiences a force

State of is meant by a field of force

Similarity:

\-both have an inverse square variation

Difference:

\-Electric field is both attraction and repulsion (negative and positive)

\-Gravitational field is only attraction (only negative)

* the direction of force
* force on a positive charge

State what is represented by an electric field line

the work done bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point

State what is electrical potential at a point

(Electric potential)

W=Q.V

Q: charge

V: p.d

W: work done

formular of energy of electric field

force per unit of positive charge acting on stationary charge

Define electric field strength

Force is proportional to the product of 2 charges and inversely proportional to the square of their separation

State Coulomb’s law

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Formula of work done in capacitance

Formula of Capacitance

* Charges is on plate are equal and opposite
* so no resultant charge
* energy stored because there is charge separation

Explain why the capacitor is said to store energy but not charge

* charge per unit of potential difference
* charge on one plate and potential difference between plates

Define capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

* Smoothing
* Store the energy temporarily
* blocking direct current

State 3 function of capacitors in electric circuits

\-there is no free electron in plastic sphere

\-so charges do not move

\-so no single value for the potential

Suggest why your calculation in (b) for the metal sphere would not apply to a plastic sphere

Path of electron is always opposite to the flow of current

Facts:

left hand rule

region where a moving charge experiences a force

What is meant by magnetic field?

Formula of magnetic flux density

Formula of magnetic force

Formula of magnetic force with angle

facts

The product of magnetic flux density and cross-sectional area which is perpendicular to flux

Define magnetic flux

Facts

Product of magnetic flux density, cross-sectional area and number of turns in coil.

Cross-sectional area is perpendicular to the direction of flux

State magnetic flux linkage

induced emf is proportional to the rate change of magnetic flux linkage

State Faraday’s law

The induced emf is set up in a direction to produce effects that oppose the change causing it

State lenz’s law

Phase difference formula

* To reduce power lost
* Reduce eddy current

Why is core laminiated?

* Alternative voltage give rise to changing magnetic flux in core
* Flux links the secondary coil
* Induced emf only why flux is changing

* Induced emf is proportional to the rate change of magnetic flux linkage
* direction of emf changes when the direction of flux reverse
* flux is continuously increasing and decreasing, so polarity of emf is continuously increasing

Formula of Hall voltage

facts

facts

formulae of Irms and Vrms

facts

power

* emission of particles
* it is spontaneous emission

State what is meant by radioactive decay?

difference between mass of a nucleon and mass of a nucleus

What is meant by the mass defect of a nucleus?

How to convert J to MeV?

example PP

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Energy in nuclear physics

Mass of particles

Formula of Binding energy per nucleons

The probability that the nucleus will decay per unit time

What is decay constant?

The rate where in a nucleus of a radio active sample decays

What is the Activity (A):

Formula of Activity (A)

* Emission of electron
* when electromagnetic radiation incident

Describe the photoelectronic effect:

packet amount of energy of electromagnetic radiation

State what is meant by a photon

Broglie wavelength

Broglie wavelength 2

facts

Momentum of a photon

Frequency of light