Acids and Bases: Double Displacement and Neutralisation

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acids, bases, double displacement reactions, and neutralisation based on the lecture notes.

Double displacement reaction

A chemical reaction where partners are exchanged, typically in the form AB + CD → AD + BC.

Neutralisation

A double displacement reaction that occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

Base

A substance that has a bitter taste, feels slippery or soapy, can be corrosive, and neutralises acids.

Alkalis

Bases that can be dissolved in water.

Strong base

A base that reacts vigorously with substances and is highly effective in neutralisation.

pH scale

A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic).

Neutralisation equation

The general representation of a neutralisation reaction, such as acid + base → salt + water.

Indicator

A substance that changes color in response to the acidity or basicity of a solution, helping to identify acids and bases.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

An acid used for cleaning iron and in food processing, among other applications.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

A strong base used in the manufacture of soap and as a cleaning agent.

Ammonia (NH3)

A weak base used in fertilizers and cleaning agents.

Salt

The product formed in a neutralisation reaction, consisting of the metal ion from the base and the non-metal ion from the acid.

Weak acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution and has a higher pH than a strong acid.

Strong acid

An acid that completely dissociates into its ions in solution and has a very low pH.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A gas produced during the reaction of acids with metal carbonates or bicarbonates.

Copper(II) Nitrate

The salt formed when Copper(II) oxide reacts with Nitric acid.