Unit 12

ascribe

to say that something is caused by something else; przypisywać coś czemuś

assign

to give someone a particular job or responsibility; przydzielać, wyznaczać

attribute

regard something as being caused by someone or something

deliberate

intentional

fluctuate

to keep changing, especially in level or amount; wahać się

freak

A very unusual and unexpected event or situation

haphazard

not planned, organized, controlled, or done regularly; przypadkowy

inadvertent

not done intentionally; nieumyślny

instrumental

to be one of the main people or things that make something happen; mieć istotny wkład w coś

jinxed

having or believed to bring bad luck

likelihood

probability; the chance that something will happen

lucky charm

sth people belive brings them luck; talizman szczęścia

meander

If a river, a road, or a line of something meanders, it has many curves; wić się wzdłuż/wokół/przez itp
też: to move around with no clear purpose, to wander

mishap

an accident or unlucky event that usually is not serious; niefortunny wypadek

odds

the probability that something will happen; szanse, prawdopodobieństwo

pot luck

A situation in which you do not know what to expect, but you hope that it will be good; anything that is available or is found by chance, rather than something chosen, planned, or prepared - przypadek, los

startle

to suddenly surprise or frighten someone; przestraszyć, zaskoczyć

stray

to move away from the place where you should be, without intending to; zbaczać, zabłądzić

superstition

the belief that particular actions or objects are lucky or unlucky; przesąd

superstitious

believing that particular objects or events are lucky or unlucky; przesądny

transpire

to happen; zdarzyć się, wydarzyć się/ it transpires that - okazuje się że

uncertainty

niepewność

wobble

If something wobbles or you make something wobble, it moves from side to side, often because it is not on a flat surface; chwiać (się), trząść (się)

exploit

to use or develop something for your advantage; wykorzystywać

fossil fuels

a fuel such as coal or oil that is obtained from under the ground; paliwo kopalne

greenery

green leaves, plants, or branches; zieleń, roślinność

scarce

rare or not available in large amounts; skąpy, niewystarczający

chance upon

find or see someone or something when you did not expect to

come across

to find or meet (something or someone) by chance

cool down

become cooler, or make something cooler

cut back on

reduce the amount of something, especially money that you spend

die out

become weaker or less common and then disappear completely

dig up

remove something from under the ground by digging; dig holes in an area of land; find information by searching carefully

dry up

if something dries up or is dried up, all the water comes out of it; stop being available

get through

use or finish something; manage to deal with a difficult situation or stay alive until it is over; finish dealing with some work, a subject, etc

heat up

make something hot; become hot

kill off

destroy living things so that most or all of them are dead

put down to

if you put something down to a particular reason, you think it has happened for that reason

slip up

make a careless mistake

spring up

appear or be produced suddenly and quickly

store up

keep a lot of something so that you can use it later; do something that will cause problems in the future

throw out

get rid of something that you no longer want, for example by putting it in a dustbin; force someone to leave a place or group; if someone in authority throws out a plan, proposal, etc they refuse to accept it

throw up

produce something new or unexpected; cause sth such as dust or water to rise into the air

take a chance on

decide to do sth, even though it involves risk

the/sb's chances of (doing)

the degree to which someone is likely to achieve something

dint

wgnieść, poobijać

by dint of

as a result of something

waste disposal

utylizacja odpadów

at sb's disposal

do czyjejś dyspozycji

at the disposal of

available for someone to use

find yourself doing

to become aware that you have done something without intending to:

find sb doing

zastać kogoś (robiącego coś)

green politics

A political ideology, which places a high importace on environmental goals/their aim is to have sustainable development/promote reforestation/reduce deforestation

green belt

an area of land around a city or town where no new building is allowed; pas lub pierścień zieleni

greenhouse

szklarnia

greenhouse effect

efekt cieplarniany

happen to do

to do something by chance

thunder and lightning

grzmoty i błyskawice

push your luck

to try too hard to get a particular result and risk losing what you have achieved

trust to luck

to believe that the things that should happen will happen

the odds are

szanse są

the odds are in favour of/against

(something) is likely to happen/ not likely to happen

against all the odds

If you do or achieve something against (all) the odds/against all odds, you do or achieve it although there were a lot of problems and you were not likely to succeed

pour with rain

rain heavily

rainwater

deszczówka

pose a risk to

stanowić zagrożenie

sun yourself

wygrzewać się na słońcu

sunlight

the actual light from the sun (neutral)

sunrise

the time when the sun appears in the morning and the sky becomes light; wschód słońca

sunset

the time when the sun disappears in the evening and the sky becomes dark; zachód słońca

sunshine

the warmth from the sun (pleasant)

idle threat

czcze pogróżki

freak weather

dziwne warunki atmosferyczne, anomalie pogodowe

weatherproof

odporny na warunki atmosferyczne

gust of wind

poryw wiatru

winds of change

actions or influences that will lead to important political or social changes

an act of God

an event such as a flood, lightning or an earthquake that is produced by natural forces, and that people have no control over

come rain or shine

used for saying that something always happens or someone always does something despite bad weather or difficult conditions

down on your luck

having a long period of difficulty finding work and earning money

draw the short straw

be chosen to do something unpleasant

have green fingers

be good at growing plants

let nature take its course

allow something to develop without trying to influence it

no rhyme or reason

used for emphasising that there is no reason or explanation for something

out of the blue

happening in a way that is sudden and unexpected, and does not seem connected with anything that happened before

the luck of the draw

used for saying people have limited control over what life brings them

touch wood

used when you have said that you have had good luck in order to prevent bad luck from happening to you

assess

to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something; oceniać

reassess

oszacować ponownie

causation

the process of causing something to happen or exist

causative

acting as the cause of something; przyczynowy

elude

If something that you want eludes you, you do not succeed in achieving it; wymykać

elusiveness

the state of being difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember

elusive

difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember; ulotny, nieuchwytny

favouritism

unfair treatment of one person or group in a better way than another; faworyzowanie

(un)favourable

korzystny, przychylny

fortuitous(ly)

szczęśliwy, fortunny

mount

get up on; to increase in amount or level;

surmount

to deal successfully with a problem; przezwyciężać, pokonywać

mountaineer(ing)

a person who climbs mountains as a sport or job

(in)surmountable

possible to deal with or solve successfully