PSYC 1200

13-16

What is mimicry?

Acting in a same way as others around us through behaviour, emotions or facial expressions. We constantly look to others for insight in how to react, even when we do not realize we are doing it. Helps us to navigate the world around us.

You are in a foreign country and and not sure how to use the bus system to pay. You watch someone ahead of you first to see how they do this. What is this an example of?

Mimicry

Why do we mimic others?

Synchrony - This creates a social bond. Helps people to trust us more. This is done consciously or unconsciously.

In Canada like our personal space where as in brazil most people will hug when they meet a new person, what is this an example of?

Social norms - personal space is difference in each culture. Each would be considered normal in their own culture but outside would be seen as contradicting to the other.

What is social loafting?

Less effort is done when people are in a group. Everyone assumes others are not putting in as hard of work which creates a norm within the group that not as much input is needed.

4 keys to social loafting

1 - low efficiency when tasks are too hard

2 - believing that ones contributions do not matter

3 - Not caring about groups outcome

4 - Feeling others are not trying

What causes groups to break down?

social loafting

What is social facilitation?

Performing better because of a group setting. Ex athletes can either play better or worse depending on the crowd

Depending on the complexity of a task and the presences of others affects our outcome of the task is an example of what?

Social facilitation

Running against other runners can help us run faster than when we run with no one, why is this?

Social facilitation

What is group think?

When there is not enough diversity of conflict within a group and people are not willing to share their ideas for fear of breaking the harmony within the group. This causes people to go along with any ideas even if they aren’t very good. This causes the group to be over confident in their decisions.

In an abusive relationship ___ occurs in a family to keep everything under control.

Group think

Intertwining politics with identify is dangerous, what is this an example of?

Group polarization - Being confident in groups decision. Bias, confirming bias, and discrimination

Having participants looks at a series of lines and saying which they think is the biggest one but confederates knowingly say the wrong one to see if participants will change mind is an example of?

Conformity

What is normative influence?

Keeping belief but saying what will what others think even if wrong to avoid social cost. ex embarrassment. Leads to public acceptance but not private acceptance.

What is informational influence?

Changing ones belief as the group must be correct and own belief is not. Leads to private acceptance

Being left out of a group is an example of?

Ostracism

School shooters are often known to have a feeling of being?

Ostracized

A women was being harassed and called out for help. Despite people hearing her, no one did anything to help. What is this an example of?

The Bystander Effect

The presences of other people reduces the chance of someone helping is called?

The Bystander Effect

What is it called when the responsibility to help is spread across many people?

Diffusion of Responsibility

Smoke is filling a room and you belief something is wrong, however when you look to see how others are reacting, no one is worried. What is this an example of?

Pluralistic Ignorance

A nurse notices someone who appears to be hurt, no one else is helping them. What will the nurse do?

Help because they are trained to deal with these scenarios.

The Stanford Prison experiment is an example of?

Social Roles

For halloween you dress as a police officer. Other people notice your behaviour has changed and you are acting harsher to your friends. What is this an example of?

Deindividuation

In an experiment, participants are told they need to test a persons memory, if they fail another person will be shocked. This is done till the other person is screaming from the pain but the other person is told to continue. What this an example of?

Obedience to Authority

When we see new people we are quick to make judgements about that person what is this an example of?

person perception - Implicit processing

First impressions can inform us about a person but also lead us to hold ideas of a person based off of what we see first which are then reenforced into our idea of the person. This is an example of?

Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Believing that everyone has seen harry potter is an example of?

False Consensus Effect

Believing that everyone values sports is an example of?

Self-Serving Bias

Believing our perspective is right and everyone else is wrong is an example of?

Naive Realism

Why do we believe our abilities are superior to others?

The better than average affect

People who are scared of GMO foods feel they are experts on why they are bad. When asked however, they lack knowledge on the topic. What is this example of?

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Driving on the road and a person swerves in front of you. You get mad and think he is a jerk. Why is this your immediate thought about this person?

Internal Attribution

A child is late to class. Their teacher thinks there must be a logical reason they are late. The teacher understands and makes sure the child is okay instead of being mad at them. What factors is the teacher considering?

External Attributions

When we are in a situation we usually chose the most convenient attribution to the situation. For example if we do bad on a test we blame the teacher rather than ourselves. This is called:

Locus of Control

Why do we resort to internal attributions rather an external?

Fundamental Attribution Error

Our preference for family, friends, sport teams is because we see them as an

Ingroups

Picking *Us* over *Them* is because we have a tendency to others not similar to us as

outgroups

Favouring a sport team from our city over a city in another province is an example of?

Ingroup Bias

Societies beliefs about a group of people

Sterotype

Personal beliefs about a group of people

Predjudice

Negative behaviour toward a person based on the group they belong to

Discrimination

Occurs automatically and unintentionally, that affects judgments, decisions, and behaviours

Implicit Bias

Measuring how fast people react to stereotype consistant stimuli

Implicit Association Test

Reading in the news about a doctor and assuming the gender is male is an example of:

Implicit Bias

Police officers participating in a virtual reality of when to and not to shot is an example of?

Reducing Bias

Encouraging a diverse workplace is an example of:

The Contrast Hypothesis

When a audience cares about an issue and has time to understand the material this has profound change in their lives

Implicit processing

If people are not motivated or persuaded little change will happen in their lives

Explicit Processing

Depending on the issue and cognitive ability will result on how moved a person is.

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Experts in climate change require _____ to help deliver their message to an audience.

Central Route to Persuasion

Donald Trump having weak facts but has an entertainment quality to his presentations is an example of

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Information affects us differently depending on how close the information affects our in-group for example news about a Canadian being in an airplane crash will affect us differently than is it was someone from New Zealand. This is called

Construal Level Theory

Watching ad about a personal experience of homelessness is an example of

The experiential system

Explaining the full process of how vaccines work is an example of

The analytical system

Strategy to strengthen audittues by firsts exposing people to a weak counter argument and then reflect on the argument builds trust is an example of

Attitude Inoculation

When an idea is too complex to get across to an audience there is a potential for ___

Damage to the central route

Someone who has authority can use ____ effectively

The Peripheral Route

When we see a politician with large crowds during their speeches this persuades us to believe they are acceptable because of

Social Validation

Sally you borrow a paper and now you feel like you owe them back. This is called

Reciprocity

Asking your parents for a $100 and they tell you no so you ask for $10 and they say yes is an example of

The door in the face technique

You ask your parents for $10 and they say yes and you go back a few days latter and ask for $100 is an example of

Foot in the door technique

When we have inconsistent beliefs that cause inner tension is called

Cognitive Dissonance theory

Participating in a hazing ritual when you start with a new team and feeling like you are more apart of the group is an example of

Justification of Effort

Does personality predict our dependance on substances?

True

Our personality does not affect our health.

False

Why is obesity more common now?

More abundance of food sources, eating is a motivating behaviour, more sedentary lifestyles.

What is a main indicator of the habits we will past on to adult hood?

Parental and media influence

After high school graduation some groups of friends start to gain more weight than other groups of friends. This is an example of?

Social Contagion

Children in poverty are more likely to be ____

Obese

Why is dieting a very hard way to lose weight?

When we diet and stop our set point is now heavier then it was before.

Mindful eating is important to promoting healthy behaviours

True

Working out with other people does not improve weight loss

False

You are waiting at the bus stop and an ambulance is headed toward the bus stop. You start to feel a bit stress and thinking about what is going to happen. What is happening?

Primary Appraisal

A big test is coming up. After planning your schedule you feel like you will have lots of time to study. What is happening?

Secondary Appraisal

When is stress optimal?

In athlete performance.

The release of hormones to the kidneys which releases norepinephrine and epinephrine which causes increased blood flow, heart rate and perspiration. What are you experiening?

Flight or Fight response

When we are ___ our non important functions shut down such as digestive system or immune system.

Stress

Over time our response to stress changes, this is called?

General Adaptation Syndrome

Stress does not affect our working memory

False

Residential school survivors have an increased chance of passing _____ to their children

Transgenerational stress inheritance

Children of people who have survived traumatic events are more likely to have a greater risk of developing mental health problems. This is called

Epigenetic Transmission

When we bond with other _ and _ are released

Oxytocin, vasopressin

____ is important to coping with stress

Quality Social supports

You are studying for finals and begin to feel very sick but you have to keep pushing through, what is happening

Chronic stress is impacting your immune system

When people have cancer, if they are more positive then pessimistic, this can affect their outcome of beating cancer

True

Internalizing that everything is your fault is an example of? ex When Sandra failed her test she said “ Its my fault”

Pessimistic explanatory style

In the nun study what was being looked at?

If positive or negative outlooks on life predicted life expectancy.

Why do we use coping strategies?

To manage stress

Exercising or meditating is a form of_____ to reduce stress

Active Strategies

Eating food, avoiding situations and self blame are ___ ways of reducing stress

Passive Strategies

Self blame, anxiety and being hostile are attributed to what type of personality?

Neutoticism

Meditation is like training a muscle

True

How can we reduce stress?

Meditation, concentrative and excercise

The microbiome does not influence brain or behaviour

false

Learned helplessness happens because?

There is a suppression of avoiding behaviour in response to unpleasant, uncontrolled circumstances.

When we have lack of control in our life we look toward conspiracy and superstitions.

Compensatory Control

Went into asylums and studied people to free them. Looked thought the biological lens

Emil Kraepelin

Looking at mental health in a holistic approach of psychological, biological and sociological factors.

The biopsychosocial model