Dialektológia

Standard Southern British English pronounciation is traditionally called

RP- received pronunciation

We refer to Standard American English prnunciation as

GA - General American

We refer to the pronunciation of a dialect in general

accent

The deletion of non-prevocalic /r/ is traditionally called the rule of

R-Dropping

Those accents of English in which non-prevocalic /r/’s are deleted are called

non-rhotic

A non-historical /r/ is insterted between morphemes is called

Intrusive-R

The name of the sound change responsible for the difference in certain accents between the vowels in words like *hat, can, dance, can’t* is

Bath Broadening/trap-bath split

In a “flat”-BATH accents words like *bath* are pronounced with the vowel

The name of the sound (r) is

voiced alveolar tap/flap

The two main types of English accent are the “English” type and the

American type

The two varieties of English which do not fit into either category are

Scottish, Irish

The major dialect boundary between the linguistic north and south in England is called

Severn-Wash line

Dialect of Tyneside/Newcastle

geordie

Dialect of Liverpool/Merseyside

scouse

Dialect of London

cockney

In an unsplit FOOT-STRUT accents the words *put, love, but, blook* are all pronounced with

That part of England where unsplit FOOT-STRUT accents are found is the

linguistic north

In terms of the FOOT-STRUT variable, RP belongs to the type we call

split

In terms of the FOOT-STRUT variable, GA belongs to the type we call

split

In terms of the TRAP-BATH variable, RP belongs to the type we call

bath broadening acccent

In terms of the TRAP-BATH variable, GA belongs to the type we call

unsplit TRAP-BATH accent

A speaker for whom *hart* is homophonous with *art* exhibits the pronunciation feature called

H-Dropping

As a result of Diphtong Shift, in Cockeny words like *day, bay, later, prey* are pronounced with the vowel

As a result of Diphtong Shift, in Cockney words like *how, now, out* are pronounced with the vowel

aeu

In several accents of English there is a difference between two types of /l/, one is traditionally called clear or light, the other called

dark L

The process whereby a dark-L is replaced by a back (velar) rounded vowel is called

L-vocalization

Glottalling means the replacement of a /t/ by

glottal stop, ?

Initial Fricative Voicing characterises the geographical region called

West country esp. in Somerset

In England Intrusive-L is found in and around the city of

Bristol

TH-fronting means that /θ / as in think and /ð/ as in *brother* are replaced by

\[f,v\]

TH-stopping means that /θ / as in think and /ð/ as in *brother* are replaced by

\[t,d\]

The non-standard spelling *fella* for *fellow* shows that the word may undergo the process called

final -ow reduction

The type of sland invented by Cockney speakers is called

Cockney Rhyming slang

The variety of English whose speakers may retain the difference between words like *blue* and *blew* is

Welsh

In English dialectology, the term “Celtic countries” subsumes

Scotland, Ireland, Wales

The Celtic language spoken in parts of Scotland is called

Scottish Gaelic

The Celtic language spoken in parts of Ireland is called

Irish Gaelic

The collective name of the traditional rural dialects and their urban variations of English in Scotland is

Scots

Before the Great Vowel Shift, words like *mouse* were pronounced with the vowel

u:

Before the Great Vowel Shift, word like *mice* were pronounced with the vowel

i:

In accents with no WH-reduction, words like *witch* are pronounced with /w/ at the beginning, while words like *which* have

hw

Atkien’s Law is the alternative name of the pronunciation regurality called

the Scottish vowel length rule

“North American English” subsumes the varieties spoken in the countries

American English, Canadian English

Southern Hemisphere Eglish subsumes the varietes spoken in the countries

South Africa, New Zeland, Australia

In our typology of accents of the US, the non-GA accents are the ones we call

Eastern US English, Southern US English

The name of the sound change responsible for the absence of difference in certain accents between the stressed vowels in words like *brother, clock* and words like *father, Clark* is

LOT Unrounding

A speaker for whom new, tune, dew are homophonous with gnu, toon, do, respectively, exhibits the pronunciation feature called

Yod-Dropping

The pronunciation feature in Canadian English responsible for the different vowels in words like white, sight, out and words like wide, side, loud, respectively, is called …

Canadian Raising

Hyperrhoticity characterises the accent of US English which we call …

Eastern US English

The PIN-PEN Merger characterises the accent of US English which we call

Southern US English

Southern US English is characterised by relatively longer vowels in stressed syllables and relatively more weakening of unstressed syllables, which is traditionally called …

The Southern Drawl

The three main divisions of both Australian English and New Zealand English are called …

Broad, General, Cultivated

The end of the shared development of BrE and AmE in the early or mid 18th century (the classical symbolical date is 1750) is traditionally referred to as the

The Great Divide

In terms of rhoticity, North American English belongs to the type we call …

rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Southern Hemisphere English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Eastern US English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Black English (AAVE) belongs to the type we call

Type-D non rhoticity

In terms of rhoticity, Canadian English belongs to the type we call

rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Australian English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, New Zealand English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, South African English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Welsh English belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Scottish English belongs to the type we call

rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, Irish English belongs to the type we call

rhotic

The part of England which is traditionally rhotic is the

Southwest England

When a pidgin becomes the first language for certain communities, we call it a(n)

Creole

Pidgins and creoles are traditionally named after the prestigious European language (in our case, English), which is in general terms called

superstate

The other name of Melanesian Pidgin English is

tok pisin

The best-known English-based creole, spoken in the Caribbean, is

Jamaican creole

The acronym WAPE stands for

West African Pidgin English

The three general speech areas where English-based pidgins and creoles are spoken are

Caribbean West Africa and the Pacific

The acronym AAVE stands for

African American Vernacular English

In terms of rhoticity, RP belongs to the type we call

non-rhotic

In terms of rhoticity, GA belongs to the type we call

rhotic

The Carrot-rule does not apply in GA (as opposed to RP) in a few words such as

courage, curry, currency, worry

RP and GA have differenc pronunciation for the underlined part of You__T__ube because GA has the rule of

Yod-Dropping

Stress placement is different in RP and GA in certain words such as

adress, advertiesement

In RP, the word ate has /e/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

\[ei\]

RP and GA have different pronunciations for the underlined part of city because GA has the rule of

tapping, flapping

In RP, the word clerk has /ɑː/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

ʒ 

In RP, the word leisure has /e/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

\[i\]

The RP and GA pronunciations of the word herb differ in both R-dropping and

H-Dropping

In RP, the first syllable of lieutenant is pronounced /lef/, while in GA it is

\[lu\]

In RP, the stressed syllable of either has /aɪ/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

ɪ

In RP, the first syllable of schedule is pronounced /ʃe/, while in GA it is

\[ske\]

In RP, the word shone has /ɒ/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

\[oʊ \]

In RP, the stressed syllable of tomato has /ɑː/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

eɪ 

In RP, the word vase has /ɑː/ as its vowel, while in GA it has

eɪ 

The name of the letter Z is /zed/ in RP, while in GA it is

\[zi\]

The endings -ary/ory are pronounced /eə ri/ and /ɔːri/, resp., in GA, while in RP they are pronounced

\[əri\]

The word spelt axe in BrE is in AmE spelt

ax

The word spelt cheque in BrE is in AmE spelt

check

The word spelt draught in BrE is in AmE spelt

draft

The word spelt gaol in BrE is in AmE spelt

jail

The word spelt grey in BrE is in AmE spelt

gray

The word spelt jewellery in BrE is in AmE spelt

jewelry

The word spelt kerb in BrE is in AmE spelt

curb

Words spelt -our (e.g., colour) in BrE are in AmE spelt

\-or

Words spelt -re (e.g, centre) in BrE are in AmE spelt

\-er

Using have ‘possess’ as an auxiliary, e.g., I haven’t (got) a car, is typically BrE, while in AmE it is typically used as a main verb, e.g

do