SPHHRNG 2230 exam 1

what is communication

exchange of information
how we use words / process
more non-verbal

what is language

words used / tool
ever changing
system of communication
dynamic

organic communication disorder

cause of disorder is known

Functional communication disorder

no organic cause

habilitation

improve skills or develop skills
auditory training ( young age)
speech therapy to develop sound

rehabilitation

regain a skill that was lost
auditory training following cochlear implantation
swallowing therapy following stroke

language

system of communication
symbolic , rule based, generative
is spoken , written , signed

dialect

associated with specific region or social group
unique features of pronunciation, grammar , vocab
rule based
Mutually intelligible

language difference

language style meets norms of primary speech community but not SAE

langage disorder

persistent & significant discrepancy in language skills relative to what is developmentally expected in that speech community

5 domains of language

phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics

phoneme

smallest unit of sound functions to change meaning of a sound sequence

morpheme

smallest meaningful unit of language
EX. unbreakable ( un, break, able)

free morpheme

can stand alone
EX. dog , cat, happy

bound morpheme

only used as part of free morpheme
attached to free morphemes to alter the meaning of free morpheme
EX. plural/possessive "s"
prefixes - un, anti , dis ( unhappy vs happy)
suffix - ment, ily , ing ( jump, jumping)

nervous system

bodies command center
sends and receives signals
it controls purposeful function
originates from the brain

central nervous system

brain
brainstem ( midbrain, pons, medulla)
spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

cranial nervous
spinal nervous
sensory receptors

2 divisons of the nervous system

central and peripheral

cerebellum

works with other parts of brain to control and regulate motor activity
control center for movement: posture, balence, coordination

brainstem

information highway for sensory and motor pathway from spinal cord tp higher center
relay signals for: heart rate , breathing, sleeping , bladder control

cerebrum

two hemispheres
serve a dividers for different parts of brain
gyri and sulci

form

__________ is the structure of language

meaning

content is the ___________ of language

how and why

use is the _____________ of language

frontal lobe

contains motor strip, plays large role in controlling motor movement

parietal lobe

responsible for processing sensory information

temporal lobe

the right processes environmental stimuli and the left contains the auditory cortex

occipital lobe

primary visual cortex

sensory function

affarent

motor function

efferent

speech

sound of spoken language
3 domains : articulation , voice, fluency

what is language of speech science

words we use and how we use them
5 domains: phonology , morphology, syntax , semantics, pragmatics

voicing

vocal fold vibrate

voiceless sound

no vocal fold vibration

bilabial

lips ( P, B,M,W sounds)

labiodental

lips and teeth (f and v sound)

interdental

teeth and in between (th)

alveolar

aveolar ridge (t,d,s,z,n,l sound)

palatal

hard pallet (j "johan")

velar

velum, back (k,g,w, "n" in sing)

glottal

glottis ("uh,oh) , h

2 types of vowels

monophthongs
diphthongs

acoustics

study of mechanical waves in a medium ( solid, gas, liquid)

fundamental frequency

lowest resonant frequency produced by oscillation of an object

oral cavity

what is considered the filter in SHS?

who would you expect to have lower frequency vs higher?

woman and children = higher frequency
men = lower frequency

bottom up processing
top down processing

what are the 2 parts of speech perception

bottom up processing

raw data
stimulus influences our perception
peripheral structures

top down processing

used memory, previous experiences , nonverbal cues to interpret sound
slower to process

Power supply for speech = _______ system.

Respiratory

Source for sound in speech=_______ system

phonatory

Filter for speech =________ system

resonance

airway protection and produce sound

2 functions of the larynx

2 components of the central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

keeping you alive- breathing, heart rate, swallowing; information highway for sensory and motor pathways

brain stem

control and regulate moto movements. rate, range, force, posture, balance, coordination

cerebellum

variations of a sound that do not distinguish meaning and therefore are all perceived as the same phoneme

allophones

monophthongs

single vowel

blend of two vowels, perceived as a single phoneme

diphthongs

In the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology rely on ______________________ to ensure proper diagnosis and clinical management of their patients?

evidence base practice

Parkinson's Disease is an example of a disruption of __________________ physiology?

basal ganglia

Boomy is a _______________________ term that describes the quality of a sound?

subjective

example of habilitation therapy?

develop a new skill to communicate

name a domain of language?

phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics

name component of language?

form
content
use

form

phonology
morphology
syntax

content

semantics

use

pragmatics

T/F is language dynamic?

true

what part of the ear is the pinna located?

outer

what part of the ear is the ossicle part of?

middle

why are professional organizations important?

provide education
set rules for the profession

name the 2 professional organizations?

AAA
ASHA

why are standardized test not sensitive?

not everyone has the same resources
difference vs disorder

what produces sound for speech?

larynx

name someone in this field you might work with?

physician , teacher

what does IPA stand for?

international phonetic alphabet

how many morphemes are in this word? happily

2

list something that is different from AUD grad school to SLP grad school

for SLP your end goal is a speech pathologist
for AUD your end goal is to be a audiologist

what is the pre morpheme?

DIS cord

what is the most correct dialect?

this is not one

T/F allophones is a variation of sound that does distinguish meaning?

False

name something SLPA can't do?

diagnose or treat

this is a type of therapy to gain a skill?

habilitation

what is a function of the nervous system?

transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body

what is speech breathing?

used for talking
quick inhalation , slower exhalation

what is the study of a sound system?

phonology

this structure does not produce sound but is supporting structure in the larynx?

false vocal folds

this anatomical structure shapes production of biblical sound?

lips

this structure is Responsible for balance?

vestibular

what is cognitive communication?

memory , effects how we communicate

2 primary purposes of phonatory system?

production of sound
protection

T/F content is meaning of language?

True

what determines frequency of someones voice?

length/size of vocal folds

what part of the ear collects sound?

pinna

the epiglottis protects what structure?

trachea

this structure runs directly behind trachea?

esophagus

difference between speech and Language?

speech- means of communication
Language- different variations

structure innervated by hypoglossal nerve?

tongue