BIO1021 MIDTERM EXAM (copy)

Coarse Adjustment Knob

High Power objective

stage

base

arm

stage clips

Diaphragm

Light Source

Low power objective

Fine Adjustment Knob

Eyepiece

Nosepiece

regulates/controls the amount of light

diaphram

located between the eyepiece and the nosepiece, separates the lenses

body tube

slide goes here, where the performance takes place

stage

holds the slide in place on the stage

stage clips

(yellow) magnifies about 43X found on the nosepiece

High Power objective

(green) magnifies about 10X found on the nosepiece

Low power objective

bottom of the microscope, used to carry the microscope

Base

gives us light to enable us to see the specimen on the slide

Light Source

used in order to carry the microscope

Arm

moves the nosepiece a lot, used first when viewing the slide. \*\*NOT used when in high power

Coarse Adjustment Knob

moves the nosepiece a little, used to see details. When using high power this is the only knob used

Fine Adjustment Knob

used to view an object under the microscope, has a power of 10X

eyepiece

Holds and rotates the objectives

Nosepiece

Power of Eyepiece Lens

10x

Power of Scope on high power

400x

Power of only the low power objective lens

4x

Hold the microscope by the .....

arm and base.

contains a lens that magnifies about 10x

eye piece

hardy Weinberg principle states

frequency of allele in a population shouldn’t change from one generation to the next

\-it should remain constant

five conditions for hardy Weinberg to stay in equilibrium

1. no mutation
2. no natural selection
3. no immigration or emigration
4. no mating selection( its random)


1. population is large( avoids affecting genetic drift)

hardy Weinberg equation

p 2 + 2 p q + q 2 = 1 or p+q=1

2pq

heterozygous dominant

p

\n dominant homozygous

q

recessive homozygous\`

frequency of alleles

number of specific alleles divided by the total number of alleles in a population

allele

variation of a gene

how many generations did we undergo in simulation one?

five

what was the purpose of simulation two for the hardy Weinberg lab

how natural selection for adaptation or water condition( these conditions can sometimes be harmful)

what was the purpose of simulation three for the hardy Weinberg lab

how the randomness of the events impacted the allele frequency

Coacervate are also known as

protocells

coacervate

\-life like creation

\-prove life may have formed from simple organic substances

\-under right conditions prokaryotes may have formed

coacervate have a

defined inside and inside → like cell structures

what makes coacervates in the natural world

proteins, amino acids, and carbs

what did we use in the lab to make the coacervates

gum, gelatin, and HCI

gum in the experiment was

polysaccharides

gelatin in the experiment was

protein

the ratio we used for the gelatin and gum

5 parts/meals for gelatin, 3 parts/meals for gum

one drop of crystal violet on the pH paper

we could see how many coacervates formed

in each run, how much HCI did we add

two more drops

process by which extremed pressures( the environment) influences the alleles frequencies in a given population

natural selection

the idea of natural selection was first used by

Darwin and Wallance

idea of natural selection was based on two observations

1. members of a population vary in traits

\
2. all species will produce more offspring to survive

two inferences based on natural selection

1. individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability or survival will survive and reproduce

\
2. ability of these individuals to survive will lead to an accumulation of the heritable traits in a population overtime

traits that can be passed down from one generation to the next

heritable

traits the enhance survival; heritable traits

adaptation

purpose of the bean lab

\-experience how the principle of natural selection works

\
\-stimulate natural selection in populations using food gathering adaptations and different prey items

how did the prey-predator relationship work in the bean lab

beans were prey, we were predator

what was the materials used in bean lab

red cup: stomach

eating utensil( spoon, fork, knife): mouth

bean: prey

in the bean lab, who survived and who did not

spoon gene survived bc they were the most fit and knife gene did not( went extinct)

mushrooms are part of the

club fungi group in fungi kingdom

mushrooms grow in

hyphae, most of them are underground

a network of hyphae is called

mycelia

mushrooms absorb nutrients from

passive diffusion

mushrooms are

heterotrophs → use decomposition

what happens when mushrooms mate

they make the fruit body thus then produce spores

what is the basidia

club shaped cells of the fruit body that produce sexual basidospores

two nuclei from each of the mating type

dicaryotic

mushrooms don’t undergo sexual reproduction, rather they go through

recombination

genetic diversity that comes from mating

recombination

whats the structure of a mushroom called?

basidium

when mushrooms make a large circle in your yard, what’s it called

fairy rings

some basidia develop grooves under the cap of the mushroom, what are these called and what do some hold

\-lamella or gills

\-they produce spores that fall downward into the air

what part if number 1

cap or fruit body

what part if number 2

gills( were spores are housed)

what part if number 3

ring

what part if number 4

stem or stipe

what part if number 5

mycelium

what part if number 6

volva

groups of three

monocots

groups of 4-5

dicots

basic components of angeosperm

Stem, roots, and leaves

immature male gametophytes

pollen grains

time of dispersal for pollen grain is ___ and it is produced by

2 or 3 male gametophytes

mitotic division

the pistil is composed of three parts, what are they

stigma, style, ovary

spore producing structure( sporangium) enclosed in integuments

ovule

petals

\-bright colored parts of flower

\-protects structure inside and attracts insects

sepals

\-green leaf like structure at base of plants

\-provides protection

stamen

\-stalk like structure attached to stem

\-male reproductive system

pistil

\-slender like structure connected to stem

\-female reproductive system

ovary

\-base of pistil

\-holds ovules(eggs of plant)

anther

produces pollen

filament

\-stalk like portion of stamen

\-holds anther

the female part of flower

pistil

a small plant that is starting to grow

seedling

the place where pollen develops and is stored

anther

the female sex cell in plants

ovary

occurs when the sperm and egg cells unite

fertilization

a sugary substance that attracts insects

nectar