Chapter 2 Pt.2

What are the 4 types of tissue?

muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

What are the 3 types of muscle?

skeletal muscle: attached to bonesmooth muscle: found in organscardiac muscle: found n the heart

epitheleal tissue forms the lining of the \___ and the \___

internal organs, skin

connective tissues \____ and the body__

supports, protects

4 types of connective tissue?

adipose, bone, cartilage, tendons

nervous tissue forms…

brain, spinal cord, nerves

nervous tissue is composed of cells called \___

neurons

organs are composed of \___ types of tissue working together as a unit

several

the integumentary system…?

form a two way barrier, aids in temperature regulation

integumentary system organs include…

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Musculoskeletal system…

supports and protects the bodyform blood cells and store mineralsproduces movement

musculoskeletal system include

bonesjointsmuscles

the cardiovascular system

pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste

cardiovascular organs include

heart, arteries, veins

Blood/Hematic System

transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

blood includes

plasmaerythrocytesleukocytesplatelets

the Lymphatic system

protects the body from disease and invasion by pathogens

lymphatic system includes

lymph nodeslymphatic vesselsspleenthymus glandtonsils

the respiratory system

brings oxygen into the body and takes carbon dioxide out

respiratory system organs include

nasal cavitypharynxlarynxtracheabronchial tubeslungs

the gastrointestinal system

ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients

gastrointestinal system organs include

oral cavitysalivary glandspharynxesophagusstomachsmall intestinecolonlivergallbladderpancreas

the urinary system

filters wastes from blood and removes them from the body

urinary system organs include

kidneysuretersurinary bladderurethra

the Female Reproductive System

produces eggs and provides for the growing baby

female reproductive organs include

ovariesfallopian tubesuterusvaginavulvabreasts

male reproductive system

produces sperm

the Endocrine System

regulates metabolic activity

the Nervous system

receives sensory information from the body and coordinates response to that information

special senses include \__ and __

eyes and ears

what are the 3 body planes?

sagittal, frontal, transverse

transverse plane:

upper and lower divide

sagittal plane:

divides the body into left and right portions

frontal plane:

front and back divide

cross-section

produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

longitudinal section

produced by a lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure

Body regions include:

brachial - arms cephalic - head cervical - neck crural - legs anterior trunk posterior trunk

endo-

within

epi-

on top of

cutane/o

skin

Male Reproductive Organs Include

testesepididymisvas deferenspenisseminal vesiclesprostate glandbulbourethral gland

Endocrine System glands include:

pituitarypinealthyroidparathyroidthymusadrenalpancreasovariestestes

Nervous system organs include:

brainspinal cordnerves

the sagittal plane is also called the \__ plane:

median or midsagittal

the frontal plane is also called the \__ plane:

coronal

the transverse plane is also called the \__ plane:

horizontal

the 2 dorsal cavities include the \__ cavity which contains the brain and the \__ cavity which contains the spinal cord:

cranial, spinal

the thoracic cavity is one of the \___ cavities

ventral

the \___ lies between the lungs

mediastinum

the mediastinum contains the:

heartaortaesophagustracheathymus gland

the \___ is one of the ventral cavities

abdominopelvic

the abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the \___

diaphraghm

the abdominopelvic cavity is divided into the \___ (upper) and \___ (lower) cavities

abdominal, pelvic

the abdominopelvic cavity contains the \___, \___, and \___ organs

digestive, excretory, reproductive

organs in the ventral cavities are referred to as \___:

viscera

viscera are in a double-layered sac, the \___ layer lines the cavities, the \___ layer contacts the viscera

parietal, visceral

in the thoracic cavity, the sac is the \___:

pleura

In the abdominopelvic cavity, the sac is the \___

peritoneum

the \___ cavity surrounds the lungs

pleural

the \___ cavity surrounds the heart

pericardial

The anatomical divisions of the abdomen:

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains:

majority of livercolonright kidneysmall portion of the pancreasgallbladdersmall intestine

the right lower quadrant (RLQ) contains:

colonsmall intestineright ureterappendixright ovaryright fallopian tube

left upper quadrant (LUQ) contains:

small portion of the liverspleenleft kidneystomachcolonmajority of the pancreassmall intestine

the left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains

colonsmall intestineleft ureterleft ovaryleft fallopian tube

More toward the head or above another structure:

superior or cephalic

more toward the feet or below another structure

inferior or caudal

more toward the front or belly-side of the body

anterior or ventral

more toward the back or spinal cord side of the body

posterior or dorsal

more toward the middle or midline of the body:

medial

more toward the side of the body

lateral

nearer to the point of attachment to the body

proximal

farther away from the point of attachment to the body

distal

the tip or summit of an organ

apex

the bottom or lower part of an organ

base

more toward the surface of the body

superficial

farther away from surface of body

deep

lying horizontally facing upward

supine

lying horizontally facing downward

prone

AP:

anteroposterior

CV

cardiovascular

ENT

ear, nose, and throat

GI

gastrointestinal

GYN

gynecology

lat

lateral

LE

lower extremity (leg)

LLQ

left lower quadrant

LUQ

left upper quadrant

MS

musculoskeletal

OB

obestrics

PA

posteroanterior

RLQ

right lower quadrant

RUQ

right upper quadrant

UE

upper extremity (arm)

\___ is the method by which a drug is introduced into the body:

route of admission

advantages of oral drugs:

ease of administration, slow absorption rate

disadvantages of oral drugs:

slow absorption ratemay not tolerate stomach acidmay be corrosive to the stomach lining

\___ drugs are held under the tongue rather than being swallowed

sublingual

the medication is absorbed by \___ on the underside of the tongue

blood vessels

the sublingual rate of absorption is \___ than the oral rate

faster