Glycosis

Hexokinase

Enzyme in Step 1

Phosphoglucose isomerase

Enzyme in Step 2

Phosphofructokinase

Enzyme in Step 3

Aldolase

Enzyme in Step 4

Triose phosphate isomerase

Enzyme in Step 5

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Enzyme in Step 6

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Enzyme in Step 7

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enzyme in Step 8

Enolase

Enzyme in Step 9

Pyruvate kinase

Enzyme in Step 10

Glucose

Molecule at beginning of glycolysis

Glucose-6-phosphate

Step 1: Glucose -----\> ?

Fructose 6-phosphate

Step 2: Glucose-6-phosphate------\> ?

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Step 3: Fructose 6-phosphate --------\> ?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Step 4: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate --------\> ?

(2) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Step 5: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ---------\> ?

(2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Step 6: (2) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate---------\> ?

(2) 3-Phosphoglycerate

Step 7: (2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate -----------\> ?

(2) 2-Phosphoglycerate

Step 8: (2) 3-Phosphoglycerate --------------\> ?

(2) Phosphoenolpyruvate

Step 9: (2) 2-Phosphoglycerate -----------\> ?

(2) Pyruvate

Step 10: (2) Phosphoenolpyruvate -----------\> ?

Preparatory phase

First 5 steps of glycolysis are called ____________________

Payoff phase

Last 5 steps of glycolysis are called ___________________

1

First priming reaction (use of ATP) is in step _____

3

Second priming reaction (use of ATP) is in step ____

4

Step where the 6-carbon sugar phosphate is cleave into two 3-carbon sugar phosphates.

7

First ATP-forming reaction is in step _____

10

Second ATP-forming reaction is in step _____

Slightly favorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 1?

Highly favorable and irreversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 3?

Unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 4?

Slightly unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 2?

Unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 5?

Unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 6?

Highly favorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 7?

Unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 8?

Unfavorable and reversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 9?

Highly favorable and irreversible

How thermodynamically favorable and reversible is step 10?

Step 10

Rationale: Substrate-level phosphorylation to make ATP. Net production of 2 ATP/Glucose. Which step is this?

Step 9

Rationale: Generate a high-energy phosphate compound. Which step is this?

Step 8

Rationale: Be able to form high-energy phosphate compound. Which step is this?

Step 7

Rationale: Substrate-level phosphorylation to make ATP. Which step is this?

Step 6

Rationale: Generation of high-energy phosphate compound. Incorporates inorganic phosphate, which allows for net production of ATP via glycolysis. Which step is this?

Step 5

Rationale: Allows glycolysis to proceed by one pathway. Which step is this?

Step 4

Rationale: Cleavage of a six-carbon sugar into two three-carbon sugars. High-energy phosphate sugars are three-carbon sugars. Which step is this?

Step 3

Rationale: Further activation of glucose. Allows for 1-phosphate/3-carbon sugar later on. Which step is this?

Step 2

Rationale: C1 of fructose is easier to phosphorylate by PFK and allows for symmetrical cleavage by aldose. Which step is this?

Step 1

Rationale: Traps glucose inside the cell. Lowers intracellular glucose concentration to allow further uptake. Which step is this?

6

Oxidation of aldehyde with NAD+ to make NADH occurs in Step ______

Step 1

Which step is this?

Step 2

Which step is this?

Step 3

Which step is this?

Step 4

Which step is this?

Step 5

Which step is this?

Step 6

Which step is this?

Step 7

Which step is this?

Step 8

Which step is this?

Step 9

Which step is this?

Step 10

Which step is this?

Step 1

Which step inclides phosphorylation of glucose?

Step 2

Which step includes phosphohexose isomerization?

Step 3

Which step includes the 2nd priming phosphorylation?

Step 4

In which step is the aldol cleavage of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

Step 5

Which step includes triose phosphate interconversion?

Step 6

Which step includes oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

Step 7

Which step includes the 1st production of ATP?

Step 8

Which step includes migration of the phosphate?

Step 9

Which step includes the dehydration of 2-Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenolpyruvate?

Step 10

Which step includes the 2nd production of ATP?

Glycolysis

\_____________________ generates energy via oxidation of glucose, and satisfies short-term energy needs.

acid base, condensation/phosphorylation

step 1 reaction

transferase/kinease. Mg2+ helps offset large negative charge in ATP to split off a phosphate. ATP provides phosphate, couples energy to our condensation.

step 1 enzyme class and cofactors

add pi so glucose can't leave the cell because of charge. Requires energy - oh to anhydride

step 1 importance and energy

acid base, elimination and addition - isomerization

step 2 reaction

isomerase n/a

step 2 enzyme/cofactor class

make it so it can be symmetrical.

step 2 importance and energy

acid base, condensation/phosphorylation

step 3 reaction

transferase/kinase. Mg2+, ATP

step 3 enzyme/cofactor class

make is symmetrical for 2 GAP. -oh to anhydride

step 3 importance and energy

acid-base

step 4 reaction

lyase

step 4 enzymes class

going to GAP.

step 4 importance and energy.

acid-base, isomerization

step 5 reaction

isomerase

step 5 enzymes class

going to GAP

step 5 importance

redox, oxidation of GAP, condensation/phosphorylation.

step 6 reaction

dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase, NAD+ oxidizes Pi

step 6 enzymes and cofactors class

give off energy, net favorable because reduced-oxidized. Get a phosphate to use for ATP.

step 6 importance/energy.

acid base, dephospho rylation/lyases

step 7 reaction

kinase/transferase, MG2+, ADP

step 7 enzymes/cofactors class

make 2ATP, give energy, anhydride-carboxylate.

step 7 importance and energy

acid base/isomerization

step 8 reaction

isomerase

step 8 enzyme class

get to pyruvate. no energy change.

step 8 importance/energy.

acid base, elimination

step 9 reaction

lyase

step 9 enzyme class

get to pyruvate

step 9 importance/energy

acid base, lyases/dephosphorylation

step 10 reaction

kinase/transferase, mg2+ ADP

step 10 enzyme/cofactor class

make 2 ate, give energy anhydride-carboxylate

step 10 importance/energy.