biology exam

small pox

kills 70% of Native Americans

small pox

arrives with European colonists

small pox

vaccine developed in 1777

small pox

vaccine developed by Edward Jenner

yellow fever

5,000 died- 17,000 fled the city

yellow fever

arrives with refugees from the carribean

yellow fever

vaccine developed in 1953

cholera

estimated 2-6 Americans died per day

cholera

began in India and swept the globe

cholera

vaccine developed in 1885

cholera

vaccine developed by Jaime Ferrán

scarlet fever

95% of people who caught it are children

scarlet fever

arrived in New England via trade routes

scarlet fever

no vaccine

typhoid fever

anualy kills 10,771 people

typhoid fever

came from Mary Mallon

typhoid fever

vaccine developed in 1896

typhoid fever

vaccine developed by Almroth Wright

typhoid fever

first 3 dead and 51 reported cases come from Mary Mallon

spanish flu

kills 675,000 US citizens and 50-100 million worldwide

spanish flu

arrives from globally migrating birds

spanish flu

vaccine developed in 1938

spanish flu

vaccine developed by Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis

diphtheria

kills 15,520 people with 206,000 cases

diphtheria

unknown arrival-airborne

diphtheria

no singular vaccine- mixed with tetanus and pertussis to create DTaP

diphtheria

Balto movie based off of

polio

kills 3,145 people

polio

occurs in Vermont

polio

vaccine developed in 1955

polio

vaccine developed by Jonas Salk

measles

anualy kills between 2,000-10,000 people

measles

outbreak reoccurs

measles

vaccine developed in 1958

measles

vaccine developed by Thomas Peebles

HIV

1.1 million confirmed cases in 2018

HIV

ongoing pandemic

HIV

no vaccine+ no cure

Which morphology is this?

bacilli

Which morphology is this?

Spirilli

Which morphology is this?

cocci

the study of microbes and microorganisms

microbiology

how are microorganisms harmful

some microorganisms are pathogenic or cause disease/infections

viruses

considered "nonliving"

viruses

DNA or RNA, capsid coat and sometimes an envelope

viruses

Ex: flu, cold, HIV, norovirus, or tonsillitis

Fungi

Eukaryotic

Fungi

cell wall made of chitin, contain hyphae

Fungi

Ex: athlete's foot, yeast infections, and ringworm

protists

eukaryotic

protists

found in water, has motility using cilia, flagella, or pseudopods

protists

disease is usually transmitted via a vector

protists

Ex: African sleeping sickness, malaria, toxoplasmosis

Bacteria

Prokaryotic

Bacteria

cell wall made of peptoglycan, no membrane-bound organelles

Bacteria

Ex: cholera, strep, plague, cavities, staph, or skin infections

Father of microbiology

Leeuwenhoek

Father of medical microbiology

Pasteur

Father of antiseptic surgery

Lister

First to propose the germ theory

Pasteur

Father of bacteriology

Koch

before kingdom

domain

after phylum

class

after class

order

before genus

family

before species

genus

most specific category

species

before class

phylum

after domain

kingdom

which domain do yeast and mildew belong to

eukarya

which domain does extremophiles belong

archea

which domain does Bacillus cereus

bacteria

the first letter of every genus name is

capitalized

the first letter of every species name is

lowercased

a two-part naming system

binomial nomenclature

domain

eukarya

kingdom

Animalia

phylum

chordata

class

mammalia

order

primates

family

hominid

genus

Homo

species

sapiens

classification

the process of grouping things based on their similarities

taxonomy

the scientific study of how living things are classified

field guides

books with illustrations that high-light differences between similar-looking organisms

taxonomy key

a series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

macrophages

release cytokines and can phagocytize antigens

nonspecific defenses

defenses that are the same regardless of the type of pathogen; found in the primary and second line of defense

plasma b cell

release antigen receptors, antibodies, into circulatory system

pathogens

disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses

lysosomes

enzymes found in tears in the primary defense of innate immunity

innate immunity

name for the immune system you are born with

vaccine

a safe and controlled method for exposure/activation of acquired immune system

cytotoxic T cells

release enzymes that can destroy infected/antigen-presenting cells

white blood cells

another name for immune cells

acquired immunity

name of immune system that you must build

B cell

can recognize and bind to free-floating antigens

mast cells

release histamines upon injury/inflammation

histamines

chemicals that widen capillaries and increase blood flow