Theories of Personality Ch 1-6 Test 1

trait-descriptive adjectives

adjectives that can be used to describe characteristics of people

personality

set of psychological traits and mechanism within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring, influence interactions and adaptions with intraphychic, physical, and social environment

psychological traits

characteristics that describe ways in which people are different from each other

average tendencies

trait of someone over time

what can personality traits do?

describe people, explain current behavior, and predict future behavior

mechanisms

process of personality (inputs, decision rules, and outputs

are traits active within all enviornments?

no

within the individual

inside a person, carried from one situation to the next-- stable

organized and relatively enduring

organized: mechanisms and traits linked together in an orderly fashion- food is more important than sex if havent eaten enduring: stable across situations and over time mostly

hotel?

trivago

Long live?

The walls that crashed thrpugh

Perception as a function of personality

how we interpret w environment

selection as a function of personality

how we choose to enter situtations

evocation as a function of personality

reactions we produce unintentionally

manipulations as a function of personality

ways we intentionally influence others

Taylor swift

FEARLESSSS

how does personality affect environment interactions

environment poses challenges, and the way we cope and adapt and achieve despite it is our personality

what are the 3 levels of personality analysis

universal, particular, uniqueness

human nature

general, traits and mechanisms of personality typical of our species and possessed by all (universal)

individual differences

like some others talkative, extraverted (particular category)

differences among groups

one group different than other group (still in particular category)

individual uniqueness

not even twins have = personalities

save a horse, ride a

cowboy

idiographic

resarch on 1

what does contemporary research in personality look at?

ways individual and groups differ (think HEXACO)

what are the 6 domains of knowledge about human nature

Adjustment, Biological Cognitive/experimental, Dispositional,

Intrapsychic, Social/cutural

ACRONYM: adcibs ABCD IS (that girl)

domain of knowledge

specialty area of science and scholarship in which focus is on specific, limited aspects of human nature

• these are the 6 general things that personality is shaped by, looking through this lens

what is studying domains of knowledge similar to

in medicine, studing diff fields like dermatology, cardiology, urology

Dispositional Domain

how individuals differ from each other, how traits change over time

Biological Domain

humans are a collection of biological systems first- builds thoughts, behavior genetics, phisiology, and evolution

intrapsychic domain

mental mechanisms of personality, many of which operate outside of conscious awareness think Freud

Cognitive/ Experimental domain

conscious thoughts, feelings how we view outselves and others perceptions, emotions, and goals

social/ cultural domain

how do different social and cultural contextx play into personality, very LPS gender, race, etc.

adjustment domain

how do we cope w the ebb and flow of life smoking, health behaviors

what are categorizations for a good theory

one that provides a guide for researchers organizes and explains known findings makes predictions

difference between a theory and a belief

theory is systematic observation belief is personally useful, based on faith

5 standards for evaluating personality theories

comprehensiveness, heuristic valye, testability, parsimony, compatibility/ integration

Comprehensiveness as a standard

how much does the theory explain all facts within the domain? does more data get supported with new theory?

heuristic value as a standard

does it guide new discoveries effectivley

testability as a standard

can the predictions be empirically testes? correct theories supported, incorrent ones not supported but all are able to be empirically tested

parsimony as a standard

contains few premises and presumptions not always necessary but

compatability and integration as a way to test a new theory

does it violate other existung things ex: if it dosent vibe w genetics, probs not a good theory

is there a grand ultimate theory of personality

no more within 6 domains there are dominant theories and generally its all working together

is the nervous system still or active

always active

slay

boots house

correlation between social factors and social behavior (how does social behavior depend on social factors)

.3 (9% variance)

what explains the discrepancy of having only 18% of variance in social behavior explained?

person-situation interaction we select envionments in which we behave, except when nervous system selects for you

how does persoanlity affect perception

you have your own lens to look at the world

do you evoke something in other people?

yes, you do evoke

David Funder accuracy project

are other's perceptions of you (short exposure) consistent w each other- yes, ab 80%

do you agree with personality attributes of yourself by others? What %

22% of the time

what are the 4 things personality does?

it selects (environment), perceives, evokes, and manipulates

value connotation

the value (+ or -) assigned to a word like manipulation

is there a definite point of maniuplation?

no, it is a question of how much manipulation does someone have to do to be a manipulator

are human traits normally distributed?

yes

does birth factors affect personality?

yes, born to who, at what time, where, activity levels, order in the family, big/ small

weak situatuon

more of individual differences shown, low social forces acting

strong situation

situation where you are supposed to act in a certain way, number of social forces acting is high

what is the lack of regulation of self to meet situational demand indicate

personality dx

outer details of the overarching model

birth down the right side- retributional theology LESS to MORE complex down the left side

MORE observable down to LESS observable down L side

Hardest to change at the top !

all together, these have interactions with weak and strong situations

first---> last in model

1. tempermants + traits

2. attachments + attitudes

3. cognitive-emotional style

4. personal narrative

5. body feedback

6. self concept TAC-PBS

base temperaments

reactivity- excitability, emotionality how does nervous sytem respond to stimulus activity level, sociability

traits (T-T)

the two parts to acivity leve

vigor and tempo vigor- strength at which done tempo- speed think handwriting or typing

Here comes the hurricane

Pow

are traits and tempermants observable?

yes

What happens if you are a very attaching peraon

if you are an attaching person, you attach yourself to the outcome of your effort the oppisite would be living for the expereince itself

attachment style

will my needs be met? Yes, no, maybe/IDK

what does an IDK/maybe attachment style breed?

people pleasing

what does a no attachment style breed (needs not met)

ambivalence- f** everything mentality

what is a babies 1st language

sensation- how do things feel

conditions of worth

I am worthy only if I ..... satisfy a certain condition

attitudes

things you find pleasing/ not pleasing what you avoid and approach

if someone is concerned ab the outcome of their effort, what are they having issue with

attachment

are we more matter or energy?

energy

Cognitive style

heuristsics, age, ways we understand world, biases changeable based on changing how we think

emotional styles

emotionability ex: how quick to anger, how fast the anger goes, how much anger

are there basic emotions?

yes- 5

personal narrative

what has happened to you when PLUS your explanation of that Includes: learned history, social roles

is the majority of personal narrative true or false

false

what affects the ability to change a personal narrative

having more attachments

bodily feedback

feedback from the social world drives things- more affrent nerves (coming in) 80:20 the ability to change this comes with being able to work with the feedback

what are subconscious and ego defensiuveness part of

your bodily feedback

dorsal vagal

shut down

Self- concept

all mechanims such as who am I, what am I in relation to others and the world this comprises part of your personal narative

what is ego

ego is mechanism to keep you safe when you are little, but still arises in adulthood (anger when playing die)

false- self

prcoess of seeing yourself as someone you are not

when does adult brain stabilize?

25-30

what are the focus of your first 35 years of life?

identity, security, sexuality

what are the focus of the 35+ years of life

reconciliation, meaning, and relationship

rested development

70% adults live in the first 35 year ideas- self concept too tied to identity, security, sexualty

do the first 3 themes of life have to be establushed for the last 3 ?

yes, they must be established

tribal consciousness

beliefs, practices, and standards of behavior of a particular group whether social, political, organizational, or spiritual. It can also be understood as a collective sense of identity and solidarity within a group.

what is a base feeling we all have

base negative: fear

when did personality psych become a functional science

1910

are all humans impacted by the God concept?

yes

what is the impact of the god concept on all

the implicit script that people are not worthy, not enough

what is the whole model dependent on

age, situation, birth conditions

as you go down chart, what happends

less observable, more changeable

what does the whole model exist in?

chemical/ electrical system in body