Victimology Final

The victim is seen moving toward a more balanced state, confront life's daily activities, and to put their experiences in perspective. This best describes which stage?

Reorganization Stage

Which of the following is not one of the three stages often observed in victim recovery?

Reaction Stage

Which of the following is not true of victims after a traumatic event?

Victims recover at a predictable rate

According to the text, this reaps illegal profits of around $1 Trillion profit a year.

Organized Crime

_______is the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience.

Posttraumatic stress disorder

______ occurs in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event.

Acute stress disorder

Which of the following is a / are typical loss(es) that victims suffer from?

Out of pocket expenses.
Non-monetary losses.
Reduced productivity.

Which of the below statements is false regarding white-collar crime?

It is estimated that a white-collar crime is the most frequently detected and reported of all crimes.

_________is a condition that occurs when victims do not suffer from PTSD but may re-experience feelings of the crisis reaction when certain events trigger the recollection of the trauma in their lives. Usually the intensity and frequency associated with this diminish over time.

Long-term crisis reaction

Which of the following is not one of the four general classifications of injuries?

Bruising injuries

The coloration of a bruise can help the investigator learn ___________ the injury took place.

Approximately when

Shock, inability to sleep or eat, and disbelief are characteristic signs of which stage following a crime?

Impact Stage

Lost wages, damaged or stolen property, and medical bills are examples of ____?

Tangible Losses

_______ is a specific set of temporary circumstances that result in a state of upset and disequilibrium, characterized by an individual's inability to cope with a particular situation using customary methods of problem solving.

Crisis

Which of the following are potential intangible losses that a victim may experience?

The 'value' of a lost life.
Shock and denial.
Anger.

Different types of crimes often produce different and specific feelings within the victim who experienced the specific crime.

True

Which of the following is a service provider that may suffer from traumatic incident stress?

All of the above: Police officers, firemen, paramedics,
civilian search and rescue teams.

AIDS and HIV are the same thing.

False

As discussed in class, which of the following impacts a victim's reaction and recovery to crime or a traumatic event?

All of the above: Personality, emotional intelligence, available support systems.

As discussed in class, which of the following impacts a victim's reaction and recovery to crime or a traumatic event?

The nature and seriousness of the offense.
How they are treated while they are progressing through the criminal justice system.

When speaking to audience, which of the following is most important?

Being prepared

Which of the following is not a common behavior seen in victims as they are being interviewed by the press?

Ambivalence

Prior to a public speaking engagement, do all of the following except__.

Wing it

A good relationship with the media _____.

All of the above: Is based on trust, respectful, can be helpful with an investigation.

Which of the following is not one of the requirements that authorities must follow prior to issuing an AMBER Alert?

The missing child must be under the age of 14.

An astute journalist will do which of the following in preparation for, or during an interview with a victim?

All of the above: Be empathetic, understand the victim may display anger or cry, focus on active listening.

One way victim advocates can help victims overcome feelings of helplessness is by helping them learn about __?

How to get involved in the system and to have a voice.

A Public Information Officer (PIO) will be the law enforcement's official point of contact with the media.

True

Which of the following is not true of victim advocates?

Have all previously been victims.

The first decision necessary for getting victim's rights or advocacy legislation passed is __?

Finding the right author or sponsor.

Which of the following is / are considered major media sources?

All of the above: television, newspaper, internet.

The purpose of lobbying is ___.

All of the above: to inform, to educate, persuade, support certain legislative goals.

The media's primary concern is __?

Selling advertising space.

In public speaking, you should__.

Know your audience.

One of the most common forms of advocacy in the legislative arena is lobbying.

True

Name one example in which victims of a crime have gotten involved in the system and brought about a group, developed a policy, or helped get a new law passed.

Moms Against Drunk Driving. Mothers who's children had been victims of drunk drivers formed this group in order to advocate against drunk driving and to get involved in the issue.

_________ are cash donations, by either the federal or state government or private foundations, for specific projects.

Grants

______ is not an enemy to be attacked or avoided, but it does need to be understood.

Media

List two types of fundraisers.

Auctions where people come to bid a lot of money on certain items. Balls where you pay a crazy amount of money for a ticket in order to support the organization.

The killing of one's parent is called?

Parricide

Which of the following are included in the FBI's definition of murder?

None of the above are included.

A murderer who kills several people at one time in the same location is called a

Mass murderer.

Which of the following is a leading cause of death among people 15-24?

Unintentional motor vehicle accidents

A serial killer who kills in response to commands from a voice or vision is called a _____

Visionary Type.

Approximately what percentage of deaths due to motor vehicle accidents in 2007 were due to alcohol related crashes?

39%

Spousal homicide involves the killing of one's

Legally married partner.

For murders in which the offender's gender was known.

Over 90 percent of the offenders were male.

Which homicide is overwhelmingly ________.

Intra-racial.

Which of the following affect a survivor's ability to cope and work through a homicide?

All of the above: age, available support systems, how they are handled in the criminal justice system.

Which of the following is not a reason why the death of a child is especially difficult for a parents?

Acceptance of the death as fate.

Which of the following is a potential problem faced by a surviving spouse?

All of the above: anger and bitterness toward the deceased, attempting to make ends meet, raising a child solo.

According to a studies completed by Parents of Murdered Children, which of the following is not a mental or emotional problem for survivors of homicide?

All of the above are problems faced by survivors: an insensitive press, weakened religious faith, marriages may break up.

Which of the following have special needs that the Victim Advocate needs to be aware of?

All of the above: the elderly, the young, siblings.

Which of the following is not a good practice when conducting a death notification?

Ambiguity of case facts to protect the victim.

Hickey classifies serial killers into three categories. This type kills as they move along a route. They are called.

Traveling Serial Killers.

Usually, school shooters are _____________________ Killers since they kill multiple people at one location.

Mass murderers.

According to statistics, in the majority of homicides, the victim____________________ the offender

Knows.

Provide two examples of secondary victims in to a homicide.

Grandparents, and close friends of the victim.

Which of the following is least likely to be a group at risk of victimization according to the Lifestyle approach to victimization?

college students

One of the most controversial areas of victimology has been and continues to be the concept known as _____________?

victim blaming

From 1984 to the present, the victims' movement has been characterized by a(n) ___________in the professionalism of the victims' service advocates and providers.

increase

Marvin E.Wolfgang conducted the first major study of victim precipitation when he focused on _____, studying both the victim and the offender as separate entities and as mutual participants.

homicides

This research examined the circumstances surrounding a crime by looking the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable victims, and absence of capable guardians. Criminal violations are incidents that will occur when a set of circumstances converge. This theory is called _________?

RAT (routine activities theory)

_________________was considered one of the first known attempts to establish a written code of conduct

The Code of Hammurabi

is the study of crime as a social phenomenon

criminology

This theory combined two theories by linking dimensions of social inequality and definitions of crime to exposure, proximity, and guardianship. This theory is called _________?

opportunity model of victimization

According to some in the feminists movement, rape is primarily a way for the perpetrator to ___________ the victim?

Control and dominate
Create fear as a control mechanism

The Victims of Crime Act of 1984 includes all of the provisions except ________?

The right to be present at the defendant's execution.

Mendelsohn came to the conclusion that there was usually __________interpersonal relationship between the offender and the victim.

a strong

This research examined exposure and guardianship as it relates to victimization. This theory is called _________?

lifestyle theory

Hindelang and his colleagues examined exposure and guardianship as they relate to victimization. They call this theory the _____ approach to victimization, which argues that the likelihood of becoming a victim depends on an individual's lifestyle.

lifestyle

Which of the below was NOT one of Von Hentig's psychological types of victims?

mentally defected

Which of the following is not one of the negative consequences of victim blaming as mentioned by the author?

All of the above are negative consequences of 'victim-blaming'

Latin for "to stand by the decided law"

stare decisis

Two great documents that contributed to the rise of individual rights were

constitution & Magna Carta

Written laws are also called

statutory laws

Karmen correctly points out that victimologists view the dynamics of the victim's role in society from a ______ perspective.

multidisciplinary

List the two terms/concepts that are closely related to the correct answer for extra credit question 4

???

Which of the following facilitate determining jurisdiction?

All of the above
Geographic boundary
Seriousness of crime
Whether it is original or appellate
Limited or general

The concept of _____, is a constitutional mandate that requires fairness and protections in judicial proceedings and applies to both criminal and civil actions.

due process

The US Criminal Justice System has been accused of providing too many protections to criminal defendants throughout the criminal justice process. However, these protections were emplaced to protect individual liberties and strive to ensure the innocent are not unjustly accused. These protections are primarily found in _______.

bill of rights

The location in which a court or governmental agency has the power to hear a case, enforce laws and punish violators is called __________.

jurisdiction

The Preliminary Hearing is for the Judge to make an impartial determination on whether or not there is sufficient ________ to believe a crime has been committed and that the Defendant likely committed it.

probable cause

Which sentencing goal is most similar to the concept of "just desserts"?

retribution

________ is the concept that the State is the ultimate parent of all children

parens patrea

The role of _______is assigned in our criminal justice system to the U.S. Supreme Court

interpreting the US constitution

Courts that only hear and decide certain limited legal issues are referred to as

courts of limited jurisdiction

During _______ the suspect's name, offense, fingerprints, photo, and other information are entered into the police records.

booking

This level of court is also called a trier of fact.

district courts

The process of _____ refers to taking a suspect into custody in a manner prescribed by law.

arrest

The conditional release of an inmate from a prison or other form of correctional institution back into the community is referred to as _______.

parole

Which of the following is essentially the same as pleading "guilty", but cannot be used against the defendant in subsequent civil actions?

nolo contendere

Justice under the concept of _____ focuses on reducing the offender's criminal propensities by counseling, therapy, and vocational training while he or she is incarcerated.

rehabilitation

After the Prosecution completes his direct examination of a witness, the Defense attorney the conducts a _________________________ of the witness if he wants

cross examination

When the criminal justice system works in accordance with a victim who wants the defendant to get what he deserves or to be locked up for what he did to them is operating under the concept or goal of

retribution

This is a conditional release of a Defendant in which as long as he fulfills the court-ordered terms he will not be incarcerated.

Probation

This courtroom participant is responsible to ensure that the State does not unjustly accuse their client. This person is the

defense attorney

During the First, or Initial, Appearance the Defendant is informed of the ___________________ against them, of their right to _____________________, and ________________is usually set

charges, an attorney, bail

During voir dire, both the Defense and the Prosecution can challenge a juror and seek their removal from the potential jury. They generally have unlimited challenges for cause and a limited number of

peremptory challenge

The Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed by Congress in 1990 and mandates that a database of crimes motivated by ________________be collected.

All of the above
Race
Ethnicity
Religion
Sexual orientation