exam 1 chm 111

Dalton atomic theory

set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms

electron

negative charge, oustside nucleus, vary light

proton

positively charged particle in the nucleus, atoms identity

neutron

no charge, inside nucleus

isotopes

atoms with same protons different number of neutrons

nucleus

massive, positively charged center of an atom made of protons and neutrons

anion

negatively charged ion

cation

positively charged ion

atomic mass

average mass of atoms in element in amu

amu

one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

atomic number Z

number of protons

chemical symbol

a one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation of the name of an element

ion

electrically charged atom

mass number A

sume of the number of protons and neutrons

alkali metal

element group number 1, form ions with 1+ charge highly reactive

alkaline earth metal

element group 2

group

Vertical column in the periodic table

halogen

element in group 17, reactive metals that fofrm ions with a 2+ charge

inert gas

(also, noble gas) element in group 18

inner transition metal

Lanthanide series, Actinide series (F block)

lanthanide

inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

main group element

(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13-18

metal

element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity

metalloid

element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

noble gas

Group 18

nonmetal

dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity

period

(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table

periodic law

the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

periodic table

table of elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together

transition metal

element in collums 3 - 11

covalent bond

share electrons with atoms that want electrons (only non metals)

covalent compound

(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

ionic bond

metals and non metals electrostatic attraction

ionic compound

compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance

molecular compound

(also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

monoatomic ion

ion composed of a single atom

oxyanion

polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms

polyatomic ion

ion composed of more than one atom

Dalton's Atomic Theory

1. elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements

JJ Thomson

discovered the electron's charge to mass ratio, plum pudding model, cathode ray tube

rutherford

Gold foil experiment, discovered nucleus was small but had a lot of mass

milikan

oil drop experiment; determined the charge of an electron

Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?

along the stair step brownsugar ants sitting taking pizza

how to name ionic compounds

keep first element, drop ending of second and add -ide

what is a molecular formulas

shows the number of atoms of each element found in one molecule of the compound.

empirical formula

simplest chemical formula that represents the number of atoms of each element present in the compound

how to name covalent compounds

first name the first element, (if there is more than one add a prefix), for the second element ALWAYS use a prefix (even if there is only one element) and add the suffix "ide"

what is the difference between - ate and -ite

-ate has one more oxygen than -ite

how to name hydrogen anion ending in ate

ic

how to name hydrogen anion ending in ite

ous

What is NO2-?

Nitrite

What is NO3-?

Nitrate

What is ClO-?

Hypochlorite

What is ClO2-?

Chlorite

What is ClO3-?

Chlorate

What is ClO4-?

Perchlorate

What is CN-?

Cyanide

What is OH-?

Hydroxide

What is MnO4-?

Permanganate

What is HSO4-?

Hydrogen sulfate

What is HCO3-?

Hydrogen carbonate

What is C2H3O2-?

Acetate

What is SO3^2-?

Sulfite

What is SO4^2-?

sulfate

What is HPO4^2-?

Hydrogen Phosphate

What is CO3^2-?

Carbonate

What is O2^2-?

Peroxide

What is H2PO4-?

dihydrogen phosphate

What is PO4^3-?

Phosphate

What is NH4+?

Ammonium

What is Hg2^2-?

Mercury 1

Naming Oxyanions

-ide few oxy, -ate more oxy

What is NO3?

Nitrate

What is SO2^2-?

sulfate

how to remember

nick the camel ate clams for supper in phoenix

how to name group 7

hypo - least, per - most, rest is same as nick and bromine

1-6

mono di tri tetra penta hexa

what does +1 or +2 charge mean

it loses electrons

what does 1- or 2- mean?

it wants to gain electrons

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

Rb

Rubidium

Sr

Strontium

Cs

Cesium

Ba

Barium

Fr

Francium

Ra

Radium

Sc

Scandium

Ti

Titanium

V

Vanadium

Cr

Chromium

Mn

Manganese

Ag

silver

Cd

Cadmium

Hg

Mercury

Ga

Gallium

B

boron

Si

silicon