Forensic Midterm test questions

Orfila

Who is known as the father of forensic toxicology

Bertillon

Who developed the system known as anthropometry

Locard

Who established the first workable crime laboratory

\-Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s leading to understanding of Miranda Rights

\-increase in drug related arrests

\-staggering increase in crime rates in the US

\-advent of DNA profiling

Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 35 years

Physical science

The ____ unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry,physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence

Forensic psychiatry

Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings

Forensic engineering

A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of:

Fingerprint analysis

What would NOT be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab

Toxicology unit

Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons

Teeth

Forensic odontology refers to the study of:

Frye standard

The concept of “general acceptance” of scientific evidence relates to the:

Trial judge

In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc.,the US Supreme Court advocated that a “gatekeeper” determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:

a formal degree in forensic science

Which of the following is NOT true? An expert witness must be able to demonstrate:

Jury

The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:

Locard

Who postulated the exchange of evidence principe?

1686

Malpighi recognizes the characteristics of fingerprints

1879

Bertillon creates system of measures to ID criminals

1910

Osborn publishes questioned documents

1901

Dr. Landsteiner discovers blood types

1839

Microscopic detection of sperm

300 AD

Yi yu ji is published

1775

Scheele develops techniques to detect arsenic in stomach lining

1798

Fodere writes a treatise on forensic medicine and public health

1814

Orfila publishes a treatise on toxicology

1984

Sir Alec Jeffries develops DNA profiling

1950s

Marked advancements in computer technology revolutionizes the field of forensics

1910

Locard starts the first forensic crime laboratory

Homozygous

A gene pair made up of 2 similar alleles for example AA and BB is said to be:

Carbon dioxide

The function of red blood cells is to deliver oxygen to body tissues and remove waste in this form.

Child abuse and accidents

Torsion fractures are typically found in which of the following scenarios?

2

The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual blood type in the A-B-O system?

What was the deceased religious belief

What is a question that is likely NOT one a forensic anthropologist sets out to answer

The standard reference sample (control) does the share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene

Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person form suspicion if:

All of the above are true

Which of the following is NOT true about genes?

Blunt forced trauma

These types of injury are characterized by their wide surface area of effect

Both A and B antigens

Type AB blood contains

Floating around in the liquid portion of the blood

Antibodies present in the blood can be found in which of the following locations?

The hyoid bone has not fully fused and already exist as multiple fragments

Fracturing of the hyoid bone is not used as an indication of strangulation in children and young adults because

Both A and B antibodies

An individual who is type O has:

Trochanter

This structure is more pronounced in animal fevers and used as a means to distinguished remains

AB

This blood type is said to be the universal recipient

Comparison

The examination of a paint chip found on a hit and run victim garment side by side with paint removed from a vechicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of:

Larger

Animal bones are distinguishable from human bones in that their tubercles on upper arm/limb bones are ___ compared to that of humans

Curved

Human ribs are characterized by their ____ shape

Type AB and type O

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals be directly known?

Recessive

A copy of a gene that is suppressed by other copies is called…

Acute

The angle of the pubic arche tends to be ____ in male skeletons

Greater than

The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ___ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics

Identification

When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of:

Bending

This type of force typically causes a triangular break through the bones cross section

The surface of red blood cells

Antigens present in the blood can be found in which of the following locations

Product rule

To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the ___ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other.

Secure scene

Which should be done first at a death scene

Autopsy

If a cause of death cannot be found through simple observation of the victim, a ___ is typically carried out

Hands

What part of the victims body is often bagged in order to prevent loss of grave evidence

Stippling and tattooing

Characteristic marking on the skin caused by the discharge of a firearm is known as:

Stomach

Partially digested or dissolved pills can be seen in the:

Internal examination

Toxicological specimens are taken at which stage of the death investigation?

Hands

Defense wounds are most typically seen on the:

A homicide

Death intentionally caused by another person is typically ruled:

Livor Mortis

Evidence of tampering with the position of a body after death can be obtained by evaluating the:

Glass piece

A sharp force injury will most likely come from a:

0\.5- 1 C per minute

Typically, about an hour after death, the deceased body loses heat at a rate of approximately ___ until the body reaches the environmental temperature

Oxygen

What does hemoglobin typically transport in the blood

24

A pathologist would expect rigor Mortis to disappear after __ hours

8

Lividity can be expected to be fixed just after ___ hours postmortem

7 hours

A corpse was discovered in an apartment last November. It was that of a 50 year old male who died of a heart attack. At the time of discovery, the body temperature was determined to be 32 C. What is the most probable post mortem interval?

Sex of victim

The rate of cooling of a dead body can be influenced by all but the:

Stiffness of death

Rigor Mortis refers to the:

Age

The stage of fusion of various bones within a skeleton can be used to estimate the ___ of the decedent

Vertebrae

To determine the gender of skeletal remains, a forensic anthropologist can examine all of the following areas of the skeleton except the:

\-geographical location of the decedents body

\-weather conditions

\-the location climate over time

\-the species of insect present

Estimations of the postmortem interval (PMI) using entomological evidence must take into account:

At the scene by a forensic entomologist or trained investigator

Insect evidence should be collected:

Blow fly

According to forensic entomologist, which “witness” is the first to arrive at the crime scene?

Decomposition

Putrefaction and autolysis are 2 types of __ processes

Forensics firearm specialists

These members of the forensic team tend to rarely spend time at crime scenes

The individuals death certificate

This is sometimes called the “legal key” required by the government to prove an individual has died.

Lacerations

Wounds with deep, unclean edges are categorized as…

24

A descendent that is found with their eyes closed and cloudy would lead a medical examiner to conclude that at least ___ hours have passed since death

Putrefaction

This postmortem process causes the abdomen of the decedent to swell with gas

The body is wrapped in blankets

Which of the following factors would slow the progression of algor Mortis

Autolysis

The process of a person own enzymes digesting their body is called…

The decedent was stressed

Which factor does NOT speed up digestion of food?

Levels of carbon monoxide in the body and soot

Which factor can help to determine if a victim was alive during a fire

Drowning

Which is NOT a manner of death

Potassium

Time of death can be approximated by analyzing the vitreous humor and the levels of:

Liver Mortis, rigor Mortis, eye fluid potassium levels (all the above)

Which of the following techniques can be used to estimate the time of death

Alphonse Bertillon

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by:

Henry

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by

Had a virtual “double” with a similar name

Will west was the man who

None to this data

Under which circumstances have 2 people been found to have identical fingerprints

150

It is estimated that there are as many as ___ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprints

No minimum exists

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before 2 fingerprints can be identified as the same

During fetal development

Fingerprints are formed

Latent

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as

Loop (60-65%)

The most common ridge pattern is the:

Arch

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the

Whorl (30-35%)

In the primary classification system, a finger is assigned numerical value if it’s pattern is

Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint record

AFIS is a

Plastic

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as