Medical terminology 1 exam 2

abrasion

area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

acne

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

actinic

pertaining to the sun

alopecia

partial or complete hairloss, naturally or from medication

apocrine

apocrine sweat glands open into the hair follicle

arrector pilli

smooth muscle (in papillary layer of dermis); when contracts causes hair to “stand up”.

* normally hair runs at an oblique angle to skin

First degree burn

involves on the epidermis and produces inflammation with redness, pain, and slight edema. healing occurs within 3-5 days- no scarring.

Second degree burn

Involves the epidermis and the dermis, yet leaves some of the dermis intact. They produce redness, blisters, and more severe pain. healing occurs in 2 to 3 weeks with minimal scarring.

Third degree burn

involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, which are often completely destroyed. Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts.

* no pain (nerves are dead)

Fourth degree burn

destroys all layers of the skin and involve underlying tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones

Candidiasis

infection with the yeast like fungus, candida. also called thrush.

cellulitis

infection of subcutaneous connective tissue

comedo

a whitehead or blackhead caused by too much sebum and too many keratin cells blocking the hair follicle

cyrosurgery/cyrotherapy

the use of cold in the treatment of injury

cuticle

nonliving epidermis at base of fingernails and toenails, the outer layer of hair.

debridement

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue

decubitus ulcer

sore caused by lying down for long periods of time

diaphoresis

abnormal amount of sweat or perspiration

eschar

the burned, dead tissue lying on top of third-degree burns

excoriate

to scratch

allograft

tissue graft from another person or cadaver

heterograft / xenograft

a graft from another species

homograft

skin graft from another person or a cadaver

Hair layers

medulla, cortex, and cuticle

Hair (medulla)

innermost portion of a hair shaft

hair (cortex)

Middle layer of the hair

hair(cuticle)

outermost layer of the hair

incision

a cut or surgical wound

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis(connective tissue)

the skin is made up of what layers?

Integumentary

the ____ system consists of the skin and its associated organs.

Integumentary system functions \#1

protection- Physical barrier that prevents microorganisms or substances from entering the body. It also blocks the diffusion of water or water soluble substances into/out of body. Has a thin film that is slightly acidic and has antiseptic properties to inhibit growth of some microorganisms.

Integumentary system functions \#2

Body temperature regulation- can do vasodilation so when body temperature rises blood flow increases and heat is lost through the skin. evaporation of sweat will help lose body heat. Can also do vasoconstriction so as body temp decreases, the constriction of arterioles decrease flow of blood to surfaces so less heat will be lost.

integumentary system functions \#3

vitamin D synthesis- sunlight.UV radiation helps form vitamin D. Important for absoprtion of calcium and phosphate from food which is important for normal bone growth and repair.

Integumentary system functions \#4

Sensation- skin contains nerves endings and specialized receptors to stimulate the CNS. touch, pressure, and pain. Text had social functions- reflection of emotions- blushing, going pale

Integumentary system functions \#5

Excretion/secretion- water and waste products are lost through the skin by excretion. excretion removes waste productions from the body. secretion is an example of secretion - making and release of substances by glands.

keloid

raised, irregular, lumpy scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound

keratosis

epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer

laceration

a tear of the skin

melasma

patchy pigmentation of the skin

nail components

bed, matrix, eponychium, hyponychium, lunula

nail bed

nail rests on nail bed;formed by statum basale and stratum spinosum

nail matrix

where new nail cells are formed (under nail fold)

eponychium

cuticle, narrow fold of epidermis

hyponychium

area below the free edge of the nail

lunula

half-moon shaped whitish area, active area of nailbed growth

paronychia

infection alongside the nail

pruritus

itching

psoriasis

rash characterized by reddish, silver-scaled patches

Rosacea

persistent erythematous rash of the central face

shingles (herpes zoster)

painful eruption of vesicles that follows a dermatome or nerve root on one side of the body

Tinea

general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi

vitilligo

nonpigmented white patches on otherwise normal skin

alimentary

pertaining to the digestive tract

aphthous ulcer

canker sores; small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums

digestion

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

esophagus

a tube linking the pharynx to the stomach

mouth

external opening of a cavity or canal

propulsion

Movement of food along the digestive tract

deglutition

the act of swallowing

ingestion

intake of food or drink into the digestive tract

peristalsis

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food through the digestive tract

constipation

hard, infrequent bowel movements

mastication

to chew

palate

roof of the mouth

papillae

any small projection

rugae

a fold, ridge, or crease. Found in the stomach and on the palate of your mouth.

gingiva

tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw

leukoplakia

white patch on oral mucous membrane, often precancerous

halitosis

bad odor of the breath

Sjogren's syndrome

autoimmune disease that attack the glands that produce saliva and tears

thrush

infection with Candida albicans

tongue

mobile muscle mass in the mouth; bears the taste buds

uvula

fleshy projection of the soft palate

emesis

vomiting

epiglottis

leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing

hernia

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it.

pharynx

air tube from the back of the nose to the larynx

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

diarrhea

abnormally frequent and loose stools

intussusception

the slippage of one part of the bowel inside another, causing obstruction

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

pancreas

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

cirrhosis

extensive fibrotic liver disease

gallbladder

Small, sac-like structure that stores bile and concentrates bile by reabsorbing H2O; located on inferior surface of liver

cholelithiasis

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

chyme

a milky fluid that results from digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

appendix

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula

fissure

deep furrow or cleft

fistula

abnormal passage

hemorrhoid

dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling

jaundice

yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin

polyp

mass of tissue that projects into the lumen of a hollow organ

anus

terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged

villi/microvilli

thin hair like projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity

mesentary

a double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal wall

anorexia

severe lack of appetite; or an aversion to food

colonoscopy

endoscopic examination of the colon

frenulum (lingual)

fold of mucous membrane that connects tongue ventrally to the floor of the mouth

cachexia

a general weight loss and wasting of the body