CHAPTERS 8-11; PSYCH TEST 11/9

People have both _____ and _____ behaviors

Internal; External

What are the internal states & traits?

Attitudes, Beliefs, Feelings, Thoughts, Personalities, Perceptions, Values, Intentions (Alice Bent Forward To Pick Poseys Very Intently)

Where/Who are internal traits more often seen in?

Education, Person-Based cognitive science & perception surveys

What are the internal states & traits?

Coaching, Recognizing, Complying, Communicating, Actively Caring (Carrie Received Calvin’s Coloring Assignment)

Where/Who are internal traits more often seen in?

Training, Behavior-based behavioral science & audits

If you neither seek success or avoid failure, you are a...

Failure Accepter

If you seek success but don't avoid failure, you are a...

Success seeker

If you don't seek success but avoid failure, you are a...

Failure Avoider

If you both seek success and avoid failure, you are a...

overstriver

Think ______, but act ______

Globally; Locally

Training without education can be...

insufficient

Some activators have...

Undesirable Side-effects

Top-down control stifles...

Creativity

People need frequent...

supportive feedback

Some cultures discourage...

compliments

What influences perception?

Past Experience & Mood States

What are the negative consequences that have undesirable effects?

Escape, Aggression, Apathy, Countercontrol (Eli And Alison Cried)

With negative consequences, what's an example of ESCAPE?

"I don't want to be around you."

With negative consequences, what's an example of AGGRESSION?

Being rude draws people away

With negative consequences, what's an example of APATHY?

I give up, I don't care

With negative consequences, what's an example of COUNTERCONTROL?

Do the opposite to assert freedom.

All perception is _____ & ______

biased; dependent

Where all perception is biased and dependet, it's bad upon personal...

prejudices, motives, & expectations

What are Finished Files?

the Result of years of scientific study combined with the experience of years

What's STAGE ONE of classical conditioning?

Unconditioned Stimulus (Food) leads to Unconditioned Response (Salvation); Neutral Stimulus (Bell) leads to no effect

What's STAGE TWO of classical conditioning?

Unconditioned Stimulus (Food) + Neutral Stimulus (Bell) leads to unconditioned response (Salvation)

What leads to conditioning in Stage 2?

the unconditioned stimulus & the neutral should be paired closely in time.

What's STAGE THREE of classical conditioning?

Conditioned Stimulus (Bell) leads to conditioned response (Salvation)

For Pavlov's Dogs, what are the types of conditioning?

Respondent, Classical, Pavlovian

If you apply both action and behavioral impact, what does that lead to?

Positive Reinforcement

If you apply action but remove behavioral impact, what does that lead to?

Positive Punishment

If you remove action but apply behavioral impact, what does that lead to?

Negative Reinforcement

If you apply neither action or behavioral impact, what does that lead to?

Negative Punishment

We learn behavior by...

Watching others

Activators work when backed by...

a consequence

What are the four components of observational learning?

Attention, Retention, Production Processes, Motivation

Out of the four components of observational learning, what's the definition of ATTENTION?

Extent to which we focus on others’ behavior

Out of the four components of observational learning, what's the definition of RETENTION?

Our ability to retain a representation of other’s behavior in memory

Out of the four components of observational learning, what's the definition of PRODUCTION PROCESSES?

Our ability to actually perform the actions we observe

Out of the four components of observational learning, what's the definition of MOTIVATION?

Our need for the actions we witness; their usefulness to us

All four components of observational learning lead to...

Observational learning

What's the definition of observational learning?

Acquisition & later performance of behaviors demonstrated by others

Common Sense is _______ and can be ______

Biased; misleading

Training requires _____ & ______ feedback

supportive & corrective behavioral

Education requires...

Cognition

Imagery can facilitate _____ & _____

learning; motivation

Motivation to achieve a POSITIVE consequence reflects...

success seeking

Motivation to achieve a NEGATIVE consequence reflects...

failure avoiding

Perception reflects the interpretation of...

Sensation

_____ & _____ are influenced by culture

Learning; Behavior

______ or _______ conditioning is PASSIVE

Classical; Respondent

______ or _______ conditioning is ACTIVE

Instrumental; Operant

Little Albert demonstranted ________ & ________

conditioned fear; stimulus generalization

Instrumental learning occurs with...

continuous positive consequences

Positive means to _____ a consequence

apply

Negative means to _____ a consequence

remove

Reinforcement schedules are determined by...

ratio, interval, fixed, and variable presentations/consequences

Ratio results in...

high rates

Interval results in a...

scalloped pattern

Observational learning requires...

attention, retention, motivation, and behavior

What Three types of learning overlap? (end of chapters 8/9)

Respondent, operant, and observational

Behavior is directed by _______ & motivated by _______

activators; consequences

Some signals lose _______ over time

Impact

Some activators reduce...

Our confidence

Without consequences, behavior will...

Extingush

The Most Powerful Activators Imply...

Consequences

Some tasks have natural...

Reinforcing Consequences

The best feedback is...

Immediate

Some Activities are Motivated by...

Natural Consequences

Extra Consequences can stifle...

Intrinsic Consequences

Arousal from others _____ or _____ performance

helps; hinders

Presence of others -> Arousal -> _______

Enhanced Tendency to perform dominant responses

If the Enhanced Tendency to perform dominant responses if CORRECT, then the performance is...

improved

If the Enhanced Tendency to perform dominant responses if INCORRECT, then the performance is...

impaired

What was Maslow's ORIGINAL Hierarchy of needs (top to bottom)?

Self-Actualization, Self-Esteem Needs, Acceptance Needs, Safety and Security Needs, Physiological Needs

What was Maslow's REVISED (1971) Hierarchy of needs (top to bottom)?

AC4P, Self-Actualization, Self-Esteem Needs, Acceptance Needs, Safety and Security Needs, Physiological Needs

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?

Emotion, Provoking Stimuli, Events

How many paths are in the Cannon-Bard Theory?

Two

In the Cannon-Bard Theory, We label Subjective Cognitive tates as...

Emotions

In the Cannon-Bard Theory, there are various...

Psychological Reactions

What is the James-Lange Theory?

Emotion-Provoking Stimuli, Events -> Physiological & Behavioral reactions -> Subjective cognitive states we label as “Emotions”

What is the Schater-Singer (Two-Factor) theory?

Event -> Arousal & Physiological changes -> Interpretation as a function of context -> Emotion

_______ Behavior causes ________

Euphoric, Euphoria; Angry, anger

Win/Lose Inhibits/can be...

Group Problem Solving; Teamwork; Detrimental to health

Consensus Builds _____ over _____

Win/Win; Win/Lose

Sharing Facilitates...

Interdependence

Activators _______ & Consequences _______

direct; motivate

Intrinsic consequences are...

naturally reinforcing

Extrinsic consequences are...

added to a situation for motivation

Aim for the sweet spot between...

too little and too much arousal or stress

_____ is good but _____ is bad

stress; distress

How can you tell the difference between stress and distress?

The difference is determined by your perception of personal control

Observers and coworkers can either _____ or _____an individual’s performance

improve; impair

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs reflects _____vs. _____ motives

biological; psychological

Individualistic is to _____ as collectivistic is to _____

independent; interdependent

Behavior is _____ or _____

other-directed; self-directed

Self-motivation is inspired by...

choice, competence, and community

It takes emotional intelligence (EQ) to...

delay soon, certain, and positive consequences

Emotional feelings follow one’s ________ to an _______

behavioral reactions; emotion-provoking stimulus

The situational context determines...

the type of emotion