APUSH American Pageant Ch. 29 Comprehensive Review by Jack_Dugoni3, edited by Ashton Wong

What was Woodrow Wilson's real name?

Where was Wilson born?

Where was he raised?

What was Wilson's father's occupation?

Thomas;

Virginia;

Georgia and Carolinas;

Presbyterian minister

Who was the last President from one of the seceded states before Woodrow Wilson came into office?

How many years had it been since?

Zachary Taylor (also from Virginia)

64 years

What did Wilson call for an assault on when he first entered office?

"The triple wall of privilege" (tariff, banks, trusts)

What was the name of the tariff endorsed by Wilson that lowered rates and import fees substantially?

What was it a landmark in?

The Underwood Tariff (1913);

tax legislation

What annual wage qualified Americans for the first income tax?

What was the average yearly salary at the time?

Which Amendment gave the authority for an income tax?

$3000

$740

16th Amendment (1913)

By what year had income tax revenue surpassed tariff revenue?

1917

Since the Civil War, what was the country's financial structure creaking along?

National Banking Act

Who chaired the House committee influencing reformers by tracing the tentacles of the "money monster" into the hidden vaults of American banking and business?

Congressman Arsene Pujo

What book further fanned the flames of reform on the bank?

What was the name of Wilson's confidant who wrote it?

Which landmark court case did he gain much of his fame from?

"Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It" (1914)

Louis Brandeis (Massachusetts attorney at the time)

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

How many branches did Republican demand for a huge private bank to have?

15

What was the most important piece of economic legislation between the Civil War and the New Deal?

The Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Under the Federal Reserve Act, how many regional reserve districts were there that the Federal Reserve Board oversaw?

What was the board allowed to issue as currency?

What was it backed by?

12

"Federal Reserve Notes"

Commercial paper

What act allowed for the further inspection on industries engaged in interstate commerce?

Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)

What act further cut the knot of monopoly by lengthening the Sherman's Act list of business practices that were deemed objectionable?

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914);

What was notable business practice did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act deem objectionable where the same individuals served as directors of supposedly competing firms?

What was notable business practice did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act deem objectionable where there would be different prices for different buyers for the same goods or services?

What companies would these practices be achieved through?

interlocking directories;

price discrimination;

holding companies

Where was a notable trade union that fell under the antimonopoly restraints of the Sherman Act?

Danbury, Connecticut

Who called the Clayton Act the Magna Carta of labor?

What category did he see it lifting human labor out of?

Samuel Gompers

"a commodity or article of commerce"

What act made credit available to farmers at low interest rates as demanded?

What act authorized loans on the security of staple crops?

Which group of people would have the ideas for these acts?

Federal Farm Loan Act (1916);

Warehouse Act (1916);

populists

What act required decent treatment of sailors and a living wage on American merchant ships?

La Follette Seaman's Act (1915)

What act granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability and restricted child labor?

Workingmen's Compensation Act (1916)

What act instituted an 8-hour workday for employees on trains in interstate commerce with extra pay for overtime?

How many of these employees were there at the time?

Adamson Act (1916)

1.7 million

Who was the first jew to be nominated for the Supreme Court?

Who nominated them?

Louis D. Brandeis;

Woodrow Wilson in 1916

What did Wilson declare war on in his first week in office?

What did American bankers do in response?

Dollar Diplomacy;

send out Taft-engineered six-nation loan to China the next day

What act exempted American coastwise shipping from tolls?

When was it repealed by Wilson?

Panama Canal Tolls Act (1912)

1914

What act granted to the Philippines immediate territorial status and complete independence as soon as a "stable government" could be established?

When did the Filipinos receive their independence?

The Jones Act (1916)

July 4th, 1946

What country caused Wilson to first break his anti-imperialist ways?

How long did marines remain in said country?

Haiti

19 years

What was the second country to which Wilson sent marines?

For how long did this debt-cursed country remain under the shadow of the United States?

Dominican Republic

8 years

What did the United States purchase from Denmark in 1917?

Virgin Islands

About how much money had American capitalists poured into Mexico by 1913?

$1 billion

What was the name of the Huichol Indian who was installed as the Mexican President after the 1913 Mexican revolution?

What did President Wilson refer to him as?

General Victoriano Huerta

"that brute"

About how many Mexicans immigrated to the United States in the first 30 years of the 20th century?

1 million

Which famous yellow journalist pushed for war with Mexico?

What state was his ranch in Mexico large than?

William Randolph Hearst

Rhode Island

Which two men that were Huerta's rivals did Wilson allow American arms to flow to?

Venustiano Carranza and Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Which Mexican port was a small party of American sailors arrested?

After the Mexicans released the captives and apologized, what demand did they refuse from the American admiral?

Which port did Wilson order a seizure of by the navy?

What event would this be known as?

Tampico;

twenty-one guns;

Veracruz;

Tampico Incident

Which group of countries offered mediation to the Mexican-American conflict?

The ABC Powers (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile)

Who took over after Huerta's regime collapsed in 1914?

Venustiano Carranza

What was "Pancho" Villa referred to as a combination of?

Bandit and Robin Hood

Who was the chief rival of the new Mexican President Carranza?

Which did Wilson reluctantly support?

Pancho Villa

Carranza

How many American "gringos" did Villa kill in each of his two 1916 attacks?

16 in the first one, 19 a month later

What Cuban and Philippine campaign veteran was assigned to break up Villa's band of bandits?

What was his nickname?

How did he earn this nickname?

General John J. Pershing;

"Black Jack";

As an officer with the crack black 10th Cavalry

When were Pershing's troops withdrawn from Mexico?

The threat of war with what country caused this withdrawal?

1917

Germany

Where did the assassination that began World War I occur?

Who was the assassin?

Who was assassinated?

Sarajevo (in present day Bosnia and Herzegovina)

A Serb patriot (Gavrilo Princip)

The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary (Franz Ferdinand)

What neutral country did Germany go through to strike France?

Belgium

How were the sides of the WW1 categorized?

The Central Powers vs. The Allies

Which countries were part of the Central Powers?

Which countries were part of the Allies?

Germany and Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria;

France, Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan

What did President Wilson issue to keep Americans neutral in thought as well as deed?

routine neutrality proclamation

About how many Americans had blood ties to the Central Powers?

to the Allies?

11 million

12.5 million

Who was the leader of Germany that became the object of much hatred from Americans?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Where did a careless German operative leave his briefcase containing plans for industrial sabotage?

On a New York elevated car

When did Italy join the Allies?

April 1915

Which notable Wall Street firm and financial institution advanced the most money to the Allies?

How much money did they advance?

J.P. Morgan and Company

$2.3 billion

What country did Britain blockade American trade with?

Which sea did they use to do this?

Germany

The North Sea (gateway to German ports)

What weapon would Berlin introduce to WW1 after the British Blockade?

Where would this weapon be used?

What was the rule on warships that did not apply to submarines due to it being a new weapon?

Submarines;

around British Isles;

warships must stop and board a merchantman

What were German submarines known as?

Where did this word come from?

U-boats

German word "unterseeboot" meaning "undersea boat"

In the first months of 1915, how many ships were sunk by the U-Boats in the war zone?

What was the name of the British passenger liner that was torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Ireland that greatly influenced American opinion on the war on May 7, 1915?

How many lives were lost?

How many were Americans?

90

Lusitania;

1,198;

128

How many cases of small-arms ammunition were being carried by the Lusitania?

4,200

Who was the Secretary of State who retired due to mounting war pressure?

William Jennings Bryan

Which former president supported war causing them to be enraged at Wilson's policies?

What did they refer to Wilson's condemnations against Germany as?

Theodore Roosevelt;

"weasel words"

What British liner was later sunk?

How many Americans died this time?

Arabic

2

The sinking of which French passenger steamer violated Germany's pledge not to sink unarmed and unresisting passenger ships without warning?

The Sussex

What string did the Germans attach to the Sussex pledge of agreeing not to sink passenger ships and merchant vessels without giving warning that Wilson would ignore?

United States have to persuade allies to modify "illegal blockade" on Germany

Which two political parties met in Chicago to nominate Presidential candidates for the 1916 election?

The Republicans and the bull moose Progressives

What event sounded the death knell of the Progressive party?

Theodore Roosevelt's refusal to run in 1916

Who did the Republicans nominate as their candidate in the 1916 election? What was his job at the time?

In which state did he serve as governor?

Charles Evan Hughes

Supreme Court justice

New York

What was Wilson's campaign slogan for the election of 1916?

By how many votes did Wilson carry the key state of California?

About how many were cast from California?

"He Kept Us Out of War"

3,800

1 million

What did Wilson declare to be the only durable solution to the war?

"peace without victory"

What type of warfare did Germany announce that it would wage in the war zone on January 13, 1917?

"unrestricted submarine warfare"

What did President Wilson call the group of midwestern senators who launched a filibuster to block the measure that would allow the arming of American merchant ships?

"a little group of willful men"

What was the name of the German note that proposed an anti-American alliance?

Which country was it intended for?

Zimmerman Note

Mexico

How many unarmed American merchant ships were sunk by the Germans in the dreaded "overt" acts in the Atlantic in the first two weeks of March?

4

According to a myth, who had dragged America into the war?

munition makers and Wall Street Bankers

What might well have been the slogan of weapons merchants and financiers during neutrality?

"Neutrality Forever"

When did America declare war on Germany?

What unambiguous mark did the American war declaration figuratively bear?

April 6, 1917

"Made in Germany"

How many representatives voted against the war resolution?

How many senators?

Who was the first congresswoman that also voted against the war?

50;

6;

Jeannette Rankin of Montana

What did President Wilson declare to be the goal of entering the war?

What did Wilson's political philosophy become known as?

"to make the world safe for democracy"

Wilsonian Idealism

What phrase summed up America's attitude after Wilson stirred up support for the war effort?

"Hang the kaiser"

Which address to Congress helped to institute Wilson as the moral leader of the Allied cause?

Fourteen Points Address

Name the first five of the Fourteen Points

1. proposal to abolish secret treaties

2. freedom of seas

3. removal of economic barriers among nations

4. reduction of armament burdens

5. adjustment of colonial claims

Which of the Fourteen Points foreshadowed the League of Nations?

The 14th Point

What did "God Almighty Wilson" Republican adversaries mock to the Fourteen Points as?

"The Fourteen Commandments"

What committee was created to mobilize people's minds for war?

Which journalist headed it?

The Committee on Public Information

George Creel

How many people were employed by the Committee on Public Information?

Out of these people, what would the men who delivered countless speeches containing much "patriotic pep" be called?

How many of them were there?

150,000;

"four-minute men";

75,000

What was the name given to the splashing of war posters on billboards?

"Battle of the Fences" (in which "artists rallied to the colors")

What were the names of a few "Hang-the-kaiser" movies?

What was another name for the Kaiser?

"The Kaiser", "The Beast of Berlin", and "To Hell with the Kaiser"

"The Hun"

What was the most memorable song about World War One?

Who made it?

"Over There";

George M. Cohan

How many German Americans were there when the United States entered the war?

What was the total population of America?

Over 8 million

About 100 million

How did one drunken mob kill a German Socialist in Illinois?

Lynched him

Which two famous German composers' music was unsafe to play by orchestras during the war?

Wagner and Beethoven (Beethoven better)

What did sauerkraut become known as?

Hamburgers?

"liberty cabbage"

"liberty steak"

What brewing companies did America start being suspicious on?

Schlitz and Pabst

Which two acts reflected fears about Germans and antiwar Americans?

How many prosecutions were pursued under these laws?

Which two groups were especially visible among these prosecutions?

Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)

1,900

Antiwar Socialists and members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Which famous socialist and former presidential candidate was tried under the Espionage Act and sentenced to 10 years in a federal penitentiary?

Who was the leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) who was similarly convicted?

How many associates of his were convicted as well?

Eugene V. Debs

William D. "Big Bill" Haywood

99

Which case affirmed the legality of the Espionage and Sedition Act? According to this ruling, when could freedom of speech be revoked?

Schenck vs. United States (1919)

When such speech posed a "clear and present danger" to the nation

Who pardoned Eugene V. Debs in 1921?

President Warren G. Harding

What does the book identify as a roadblock to economic mobilization for war?

Sheer ignorance

What institution set a precedent for the federal government to take a central role in economic planning during moments of crisis?

Who did Wilson appoint to head it?

The War Industries Board

Bernard Baruch

Who was the Quaker-humanitarian head of the Food Administration that waged a propaganda campaign for the war effort?

On which two days of the week were Americans encouraged to abstain from certain food groups?

Herbert C. Hoover

"Meatless Tuesdays" and "Wheatless Wednesdays"

What were children urged to be while eating apples?

How did people support the war domestically?

"patriotic to the core"

With "victory gardens"

How much did farm production increase due to Hoover's effort?

How much did food exports to the Allies increase?

By 1/4

They tripled

When was alcohol banned in the United States?

Which amendment banned it?

1919

18th Amendment