Greece

mountains

what takes up 3/4 of greeks mainland

separated by mountains

why did the city states never unite

olive oil, dates, grapes

what does greece specialize in

crete island

where minoan was located

minoans

greeks culture was influenced by the

minoan

who greeks traded with

trade

many natural harbors=

mild

greeces climate

linear a writing

what type of writing the minoans used

art (murals, pottery…)

what were the minoans known for

war like people from central asia

what were the mycenaean

kingdoms

palaces surrounded by thick walls

1600-1100 bce

mycenaeans timeline

2000-1100 bce

minoans time line

story of troy

myceneans participated in which story

minoans

who were the myceneans influenced by

linear b writing

what type of writing do the myceneans use

bronze

myceneans use

myceneans

the first greeks

grains and taxes

myceneans used linear b writing for

schliemann

german archeologists that excavated mycenae

1100-1000 bce

dorian’s timeline

using iron weapons

dorian’s conquored the myceneans by

dark age

dorian period is known as this because they did not keep written records

epic stories

we’re told orally to remember historical events in the dotain period

homer

a poet who told the story of the iliad and odyssey which were written after the dorian period

polis

greek city state

agora

central market or meeting place

acropolis

mountain top of a greek polis

tyrants

illegal usurpers

draco

provided stability by creating harsh laws

draco

who allowed non property owning men to join military

solon

created important democratic reforms (banning slavery of citizens for unpaid debts)

solon

who repealed the harsh laws draco set in place

cleisthenes

increase democracy by reforming the constitution of athena

100 years (510 bce)

how long was athens a democracy

direct democracy

all citizens vote whether to not pass laws in athens

boule

500 randomly selected citizens who are lawmakers for 1 year

40 times a year

how many times are athenian citizens expected to vote on laws

pynx hill

where do citizens vote in athens

males

who are athenian citizens

550 bce

persian empire time line

persepolis

the capital of the persian empire

tolerant (let people keep their religions)

what type of rulers did the persian empire have

cyrus the great

conquered the persian empire

cyrus the great

let the hebrews return to the persian empire

cyrus the great

this ruler did not let his soldiers burn or loot the cities they conquered

cyrus the great

wrote the cyrus cylinder

cyrus cylinder

described cyrus’s tolerant governing policies

cambyses

sim of cyrus

cambyses

failed as a ruler to the persian empire, got overthrown quickly because he was not tolerant

darius the great

created royal roads so soldiers could travel quickly in the persian empire

darius the great

created military leaders, spies, standardized coins

dario us the great

could not conquer greece in the persian war

zoroastrianism

monotheistic

zoroastrianism

influenced christian and islam

zoroastrianism

battle between hood and evil

499-449 bce

the persian war time

persian empire

who tried to conquer greece 3 times but failed

cause of the persian war

persian empire wanted revenge because athens helped one of their colonies leave the persian empire

anatolia

which athenian colonie left the persian empire causing the war

darius the great

the ruler of the persian empire during the war

Greeks

Who won the battle of marathon

Phlanax formation

Greek fighting formation that led them to win the battle of marathon

Pheidippides

Ran 26 miles to inform Athens of the victory of the battle of marathon

Marathon

Battle of marathon location

To stop Xerxes from taking athens

why did so many greeks unite during the battle of thermopylae

10,000

300 spartans +7000 other greeks came together to fight how many persians

Sparta

who held thermopylae for 3 day but lost the battle

Battle of Salamis

A sea battle in which greeks sank 1/3 of persian fleet

Greeks

Who won the persian war

Athens becmes very powerful

What happens after the persian war

results of the persian war

Athens becomes the leader of the Delian league, builds a powerful military, bullies other city-states to join their league.

Herodotus

The first historian, wrote about the persian war

479-431 bc

Golden age of athens time

Pericles

Who was the leader of athens during the golden age

Increased democracy

Pericles #1 goal for athens

Create the strongest navy

Pericles #2 goal for athens

Make Athens beautiful

Pericles #3 goal for athens

Propylaea

Covered gateway to acropolis which used to have the nike statue (for athena)

Erechtheion

Devoted to Athena polias, protector of the city, was a church at one point

Parthenon

Top of acropolis, a temple devoted to athena

Doric

1st column

Ionic

middle column

Corinthian

last column

Classic art

portrayed ideal beauty, youthful features, nudity, symmetry

Tragedy

serious drama about love, hate, war, or betrayal play

Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes

tragedy playwriters

Comedy

Slapstick, humorous made fun of politiccs and respected people type of theatre

direct democracy

Athens government

Oligarchy

Sparta government

Athena

Which city state respected art

Sparta

Which city-state had more freedom for women

Goes to military barracks

What happens to a boy when he turns 7 in sparta

They went to school

What happens to a boy when he turns 7 in Athens

431-404 bce

peloponnesian war timeline

Cause of the peloponnesian war

Athena became to powerul

Cause of the peloponnesian war

If a city-state wanted to leave the delian league Athens would conquor it

Sparta

Who created the peloponnesian lague to counter the delian league

Thucydides

Historian who wrote about the peloponnesian war wrote the “Histry of the peloponnesian war”