Chapter 6 Urinary System Medical Terminology

Kidneys

2 bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column. Function is to remove waste products from blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

nephron

Urine-producing microscopic structure.  Approximately 1 million nephrons located in each kidney

Glomerulus (pl.glomeruli

Cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron

renal pelvis

Funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Ureters

2 slender tubes , approximately 10 -13 inches long that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder – passes urine from kidney to bladder

bladder

Muscular, hollow organ that temporarility holds the urine

urethra

Lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

urinary meatus

Opening through which the urine passes to the outside

Cyst/o, vesic/o

Bladder, sac

Glomerul/o

Glomerulus

Meat/o

Meatus (opening)

Nephr/o, ren/o

Kidney

Pyel/o

Renal pelvis

Ureter/o

Ureter – 2 slender tubes between kidney and bladder

Urethr/o

Urethra – urine passes from bladder to outside

Albumin/o

Albumin

Azot/o

urea, nitrogen

blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

glyc/o, glycos/o

sugar

hydro/o

water

lith/o

stone, calculus

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty, few

urin/o, ur/o

urine, urinary tract

-iasis, -esis

condition

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separatin

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urine, urination

-cele

hernia, protrustion

-pexy

surgical fixation

azotemia

urea in the blood ( a toxic condition resulting from disease of the kidney in which waste products are in the blood that are normally excreted by the kidney. Also called uremia

glomeruloneophritis

infilation of the glomeruli of the kidney

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele

protrusion of the bladder

cystolith

stones in the bladder

Hydro/nephrosis

Abnormal condition of water in the kidney (obstruction of urine drainage causes urine to collect in the renal pelvis and the pressure can result in kidney damage )

Nephr/itis

inflammation of the kidney

nephr/o/blastoma

Kidney tumor containing developing (germ) cells (malignant tumor) – also called wilms tumor

nephr/o/lithiasis

condition of stones in the kidney

nephr/oma

tumor of the kidney

nephro/megaly

englargement of the kidney

nephr/o/ptosis

drooping kidney (also called floating kidney and occurs when the kidney is no longer held in place and drops out of its normal position.

pyel/o/nephr/itis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

pyeloitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

ureter/itis

inflammation of the ureter

ureter/o/cele

protrustion of the ureter

ureter/o/lithiasis

condition of stones in the ureter

ureter/o/stenosis

narrowing of the ureter

urehtocustits

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

ure/mia

urine (urea nitrogren) in the blood

Epispadias

Congenital defect in which the urinary

Meatus is located on the upper surface

of the penis

Hypospadias

Congenital defect in which the urinary

Meatus is located on the underside

Of the penis.

Polycystic kidney disease

Condition in which the kidneys contain

many cysts causing progressive

Interference with the ability to form urine.

Renal calculus (pl. calculi)

stone in the kidney. NEPHROLITHIASIS

Renal Failure

Loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintains electrolyte balance

renal hypertension

elevated blood pressure resluting from kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

urinary suppression

sudden stoppage of urine fomration

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of one or more orgnas of the urinary tract

acute renal filarue (ARF)

Is a rapid (less than 2 days) severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of _metabolic waste in the body. May be caused by trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reactions, or decreased blood flow (from dehydration, burns, hemorrhage, septic shock. Prompt treatment can _reverse _ the condition and recovery can occur.

chronic kidney disease

unlike ARF, is a progressive, irreversible loss of renal function and the  onset of uremia.

Possible Causes:  Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and glomerulonephritis 

Dialysis and kidney transplant are used in treating this disease, which was formerly referred to as chronic renal failure (CRF).

End-stage renal disease (ESRD

Chronic kidney disease is called when kidney function is too poor to sustain life.

Cyst/ectomy

excision of bladder

cyst/o/lithotomy

Incision into the bladder to remove stones

Cyst/ostomy

Creation of artificial opening in the bladder

Lithotripsy:

surgical crushing of stones using shock waves

nephrolithotomy

incision into the kidney to remove stones

neptrolithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones in the kidney  using shock waves

Nephropexy

surgical repair of the kidney

Pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

per/cutane/ous

pertaining to through the skin

nephr/o/lith/o/tomy

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stone(s)

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

non invasive surgical procedure

To cursh stones in the kidney or ureter

By administration of repeated shock waves.

Stone fragments are eliminated from the

Body in urine.

fulguration

Destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

Renal transplant

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

Radiographic imaging of the bladder and urethra. Radiopaque contrast media is instilled in the bladder. Radiographic images are taken of the bladder before and during urination

-oscopy

Cyst/oscopy – bladder

Nephr/oscopy – kidney

Ureter/oscopy – ureter

Renogram

Radiographic record of the kidney ( a nuclear medicine test, used to evaluation kidney function).

KUB (kidney, ureter and bladder)

Simple radiographic image of the abdomen – to view the kidneys, ureters and bladder

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Blood test that measures the amount of urea . Increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function.

SG (specific gravity)

Test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

UA (urinalysis

Multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. Visual examination and chemical analysis provides screening for blood, glucose, protein and other substances in the urine .

Albuminuria

Albumin in the urine (important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine , may indicate kidney disease

An/uria

absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine)

Dys/uria

difficult or painful urination

Glycos/uria

Sugar (glucose)   in the urine

Hemat/uria

Blood in the urine

nephr/ology

study of the kidney

noc/turia

night urination

olig/uria

scanty urine

poly/uria

much (excessive) urine

pu/uria

pus in the urine

ur/ology

study of urinary tract

diuretic

agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine

prolapse

displacement of an organ from its normal position

transurethral

pertaining to through the urethra

catheter (cath)

Flexible, tube like device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing and instilling fluids

Electrolytes

minerals in the body such as sodium and potassium that carry an electrolyte charge.

Enuresis

involuntary urination. Nocturnal enuresis – bed wetting. Diurnal enuresis – day time