History Units 1-6

Yessssss

Republic

a state in which the power is held by the people and their elected representatives and which has an elected president rather than a monarch

contextualization

one of the 3 skills of historical investigation where you place the source within it's specific time and place

blank slate

John Locke described human mind with this term; meaning that individuals brains start blank and then gets filled due to thing s they experience

bias

inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.

Idios

ancient greek for "private person" or "one who does not in affairs of state"

Anarchy

A state without a gov; nobody in control

civil discourse

Consists of courteous, reasoned discussion as opposed to impolite or emotional argument

Social Contract

an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits

Oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

dictatorship

a form of gov, where a leader have absolute control over citizens lives

direct democracy

a form of government where people are directly in dad to day work of governing the country

History Pyramid

what happens, what is observed, what is remembered, what is recorded, what survives

Hobbes state of nature

Everyone against everyone; constant threat of a violent death.

Locke State of Nature

give up state of nature to be protected

Hobbes best government

monarchy/dictator/direct democracy

Locke best government

republic/ direct democracy

Hobbes; who holds power

king, queen, dictator

Lock; who holds power

President

Hobbes when rebel

Never

Locke when rebel

people have right to rebel when gov, did not deliver asked of the citizens

Colombian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

Atlantic Slave Trade

the trade between slaves, manufactured goods, and raw materials from Africa to the west indies by Europeans in 17th to 19th century

Push factors to leave Europe:

Escape from direct religious persecution, need of farmland

pull factors of staying in America

safe pursuit of personal religious beliefs, appeal of land and economic opportunities.

Jamestown settlement

the first permanent English settlement in North America, 1607, an economic venture by the Virginia Company

Plymouth Colony

in Massachutes, was established by pilgrims from England and came from Mayflower

Mayflower Compact

\-Written and signed before pilgrims disembarked from ship

\-An agreement that stated to form a crude government and submit to government rule- signed by 41 men

New England Colony: SOCIETY

from England, Netherlands. Background: Religious and rich

New England Colony: POLITICS

In charge: Thomas Hooker, John Winthrop, Rojer Williams GOV. TYPE: Hierarchy, democracy

New England Colony: ECONOMY

Animals, fishing, trading, oil

New England Colony: RELIGION

Christian/Catholic, no freedom of liberty till' William

New England Colony: GEOGRAPHY

Forest, rivers, cold

Middle Colony: SOCIETY

People: Dutch, Netherland, German Background: Rich, quaker

Middle Colony: POLITICS

Rulers: governors, King Charles II

Middle Colony: ECONOMY

farming: wheat, rye, corn; breadbasket colonies; sold extra crops

Middle Colony: RELIGION

Anything

Middle Colony: GEOGRAPHY

Fertile land

Southern Colony: SOCIETY

People: European Background: rich, Jews, Catholics

Southern Colony: POLITICS

Ruler: King Charles I, Monarchy

Southern Colony: ECONOMY

Fishing, tobacco, cocks, servants, agriculture food

Southern Colony: RELIGION

Catholic, Christian

Southern Colony: GEOGRAPHY

Rich Soil

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Bacon and his troops fighting with the Indians after they destroyed the west. Bacon destroyed Jamestown as a result.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Treaty of Paris 1763

Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America

Proclamation Line of 1763

Stated that no colonists could settle in lands to the west of the Appalachian mountains-- made the colonists very upset

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

"No taxation without representation"

reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

Non-importation agreements

Agreements not to import goods from Great Britain. They were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts.

End to nonimportation

In response to Parliament's relaxation of it's taxation laws, the colonies relaxed their boycott of British imported goods (1767)

Boycotts

People refuse to buy a company's product until the company meets demands.

Committees of Correspondence

Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies

The Firebrands

people who stir up others to revolt, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine

Boston Massacre

The Arrival of troops in Boston provoked confilct between citizens and soldiers. On March 5, a group of soldiers shot an unhappy crowd.

Attack on the Gaspee

british sent customs ships without warrants, ran ground off coast of rhode island, colonists burn ship, british govt could take colonists to stand trial in England

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Patriot

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

Loyalist

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means

Coercive Acts

Four British acts of 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of three shiploads of tea. Known in America as the Intolerable Acts, they led to open rebellion in the northern colonies (1774).

Quartering Act

an act passed by the British that allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists (1774)

American Military tactics

Attrition, Guerilla tactics, make an alliance with one of Britain's enemies

British military strategy

-Break the colonies in half by getting between the North and south --Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally-Divide and Conquer-use the Loyalists

battle of lexington and concord

The first military engagement of the Revolutionary War. It occurred on April 19, 1775, when British soldiers fired into a much smaller body of minutemen on Lexington green.

Battle of Bunker hill

First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. (1775)

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

Minutemen

Member of a militia during the American Revolution who could be ready to fight in sixty seconds

first continental congress

Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence (1774)

Second Continental Congress

Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775.

Thomas Paine and Common Sense

A British citizen, he wrote Common Sense, published on January 1, 1776, to encourage the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution.

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Causes and effects of the American revolution

Causes: The causes were the repeated taxation.

Effects: USA won its independence

Articles of Confederation

First national constitution of the united states that created a weak national government, which proved to be ineffective

Shay's Rebellion

Protest to perceive the unjust economic policies and political corruption of the Massachusetts's state legislature

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.

Consitution

the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

3/5 Compromise

3/5th of the slaves would be counted as people in representation

Trade Compromise

Congress couldn't tax exports and couldn't end slave trade for 20 years

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist

those who favored the Constitution (strong national government) vs. those who opposed the Constitution (threat to individual rights)

Ratification

Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty

federalism

a political system in which power is divided between national and state gov.

separation of power

government principle in which power is divided among different branches

Checks and Balances

a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others

legislative

makes laws, approves presidential appointments, has 2 senators from each state, contains house; senate, congress

How does a bill become a law?

It has to be passed by both houses, voted on, and the president has to sign off on it

Executive Branch

Enforces laws, signs laws, vetoes laws, pardons people, appoints federal judges.

Cabinet

responsible for the day to day enforcement and administration of federal laws

judicial

decides if all laws are constitutional, appointed by the president, a judge can also overturn rulings by other judges

supreme court

Interprets the laws, decides if law is relevant to a particular set of facts, rules how law is applied

veto

power of the chief executive to reject laws passed by the legislature

Process of Amending the Constitution

Amendment proposed by 2/3 of both houses of Congress Amendment ratified by 3/4 vote of all state legislatures

Bill of rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

first amendment

5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

Not protected by the first amendment

Defamation, obscenity, seditious speech

Political Parties in the 1790s

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

House of Representatives Qualifications

25 years old, citizen for 7 years, resident of state

House of Representatives how elected

Every 2 years, people directly vote, accountable to the people