Apush Chapter 2-3

The Pilgrims bring fish and lumber, and together they and the natives found

Thanksgiving

People went to America due to

Religious freedom, people who wanted land and wealth, rebels

Joint Stock Companies

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders. In this case, Englishmen banded together to the risks of a colony.

Joint stock companies were for

Profit and were treated as regular English men.

Charters

Documents granting by the English gov the right to organize settlements in an area

English gov and investors goals

Provide valuable materials such as timber, fur, tobacco so that they can be used for stuff like shipbuilding, smoking etc., also create a market for consumers.

Majority of people of England go to

West Indies

Majority of people of England that went to America went to

Chesapeake Bay

Lotta settlements would be

near water, due to farming and other actvities

First Settlement

Jamestown, Virgina, which was near a body of water. Had a triangle style fort for defenses. In theory, they were protected from all sides.

Jamestown started

from scratch. They had to build huts for housing and fished for their food.

Jamestown Nightmare

Lotta people dying from voyage to the New World, losing leaders and supplies

Widowarchy

High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth

Gentlemen colonists

Jamestown settlers who believed they were too good to work; wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.

Ultimate gentlemen (aka goldman)

James Smith, also forced people to work on fields

DId colonizers expect natives to submit to their rules

Yes, but Virgina were dominated by the Powhatan Confederacy.

Did colonizers like natives

No, they liked to squat.

Powhatan Confederacy

A group of seven Indian tribes that controlled Virginia and New England. It was led by Powhatan and was an agricultural group. They allowed the original English Settlers to survive, but also killed colonist.

Natives life in confederacy

Woman did majority of the work, no beards and people painted their bodies for clothes.

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years. Not many survived and were subject to harsh conditions. Not as bad as slavery.

Jamestown profitable item

Tobacco (virginas gold and silver), soon became too reliant on it and produced in mass. Also killed soil by overusaged. Basically chained to the crop.

Pochahontas

Chief Powhatan daughter who protects john smith. Later married John Rolfe ending the tensions between natives and colonists

What raised the tensions between the natives and colonizers

Cultural and Language differences

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. Later dies by natives attack.

After Rolfe dies

gives excuse for colonizers to attack and kill natives in mass

Peace Treaty of 1646

Removed the Powhatans from their original land. Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas

Virginia's early government

House of Burgeons, majority of wealthy people but they die fast.

Englishmen Rights

Settlers has same rights as englishmen, electing legislators for gov

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system made by Edward Sandys in which settlers buy a share of the company and paid to go to Merica and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land (only the settlers get the land).

With Virgina's success in tobacco and the joint stock made

James I mad, so he makes Virigina a colony (under his direct rule)

Planters

wealthy farmers with large plantations

Planters used

plantation labor (cheap abundant labor)

Planters dried up land by over usage or took most land resulting in

Landless moving inward with little water.

Are landless happy about their situation

No, they revolt, destroying stuff and killing natives (even innocent ones). Called Bacons rebellion and is led by Nathaniel Bacon.

Declaration of Peoples rights

Bacon calls Berkly corrupt and tries to take over the government.

Bacon eventually dies and

rebellion is over. Upperclassmen now looked for people not wanting to revolt like the landless did.

Does the goverment stop landless

No, govener Berkley doesn't stop them

Virgina Assembly

You need land to join or your a loser

Maryland

Haven for Catholics, very religious. First proprietary colony (owned by individual) owned by George Calvert by asking Charles i for land.

Maryland was

Healthier than virgina, but still used tobacco (not as reliant), agriculture had variety. Grew fast because of this and coastline made stuff easy to transport.

Calvert wanted Maryland to be

A place for catholics but also as economically sucessful as Virgina (using protestants), told caths to not talk about religon.

Toleration Act of 1649

This bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians. If your not christan you die. Passed by Lord Baltimore to protect catholic; unsucessful.

Sepritists

Get away from england and dont like how church is ran. People have to demonstrate being a saint. These people leave Virgina on the mayflower and squat

Mayflower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower, seeking religious freedom. It was signed on November 11, 1620. Majority ruled.

Plymouth was

Religous, ruled by willam bradford. believed in congregationalism (purify church within while allowing each church to govern themselves)

Plymouth was ruled by a

Patriacrhy, men ruled households and the church. Church had more power then household men.

Plymouth colonizers settled in

deserted Wampanoas villages that were wiped out by smallpox

Which two groups wanted to build an ideal christan world

pilgrims and Purtains

Purtains come from

Calvinism and believed in predestination (your fate is already decided)

Plymouth is apart of

the masatchuss bay colony

Massachusetts had a better mortality rate than

Virginia

Charles I gives charter to

massatchuss, ruled by calvinist purtains led by John Winthrop

"We shall build a city upon a hill"

Ideal that the community is connected to God. This was a covenant theology preached by John Winthrop.

Halfway Covenant (1662)

Agreement allowing unconverted children of "visible saints" to become halfway members of the church

Winthrop wanted the Massachusetts Bay colony to be a

Christan community that combined church and state. No speaking against gov.

Hutchison believed in

antinomianism, where she can get her teachings straight from god, not a minister

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island.

The power of new england were in the hands of

Shareholders (freemen) to choose government. Made courts similar to the house lords n deputies in england. Her words threatened patriarchal control

If you were a purtain church memeber you could

also vote

Most liberal colony

Rhode Island. Also known as dumpster since people who wernt liked by socitey moved there.

Roger Willams

minster of a church in Salem, believed that Puritans should leave the Church of England, Native Americans land should be bought, not taken, Forced to leave MA in 1653, he moved to Rhode Island. Also liked church ands state to be sepreate

First rhode island settlement

Narragansett bay

Rhode island was the first time that who ruled

Households, not church

Thomas Hoover

Led people to connituct, a self governing colony.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A set of laws that limited the power of government and gave all free men the right to choose people to serve as judges

New Hampshire

Founded by John Mason. He and Fernando George divided the land into two

Maine

Founded by Fernando's George, split between masons

Masssatchus takes which two places to court? And what happens?

New H and Maine. New H is a colony but Maine is subjected to Massachusetts rule

How are the natives doing

They're bad, getting killed due to the epidemic

What formed New England confederation and what was it

To fight against natives, Dutch and French. Includes Massatchus, Plymouth, connitcut, NH

Who makes the NE confederation weak and why

Mass due to not cooperating

What was north Carolina also called

Albemarle

South Carolina colonizers moved there because

There was no land in the west indies and they wanted to reap the new land benefits

What did SC colonizers bring with them to the land

used plantation system (buy copious amounts of slaves to work for them in the farms), has economic ties with the west indies

middle region includes

New York, New Jersy, Pennsylvaima and Deleware

What attracted people to go to SC

Religious toleration to all except jews

Charlestown, South Carolina

Busiest port in the south

South carlinas top crops

1-Rice, 2-Indigo

Colonizers liked to buy slaves from

Natives

Tuscarora War

1711, Carolinas, Tuscarora Indians tire of British abuse and rise up but are put down by the British (with the help of the Cherokee, Yameese and other Indian tribes). Many of the Tuscarora are later used as slaves.

The spanish and the colonizers fight resulting in the

colonizers win

New York's original name

New Netherland

Dutch East India Company

Major commercial and naval power, used the fur trade to make profits

The dutch bought Manhattan from the natives and renamed the island

New Amsterdam

Who controlled New Netherlands political life

DEIC, they decided the governor and his council, but was religiously tolerant, no democracy

NN people could get what if they moved there

Patroonship (the citys aristocrats), people could get 50 acres of land if the settled

New Sweden

people from sweeden going to america, soon taken over by dutch

What happend to NN

English fleets take over, James of york names it New York

Propiter

owner of a land due to the king giving it to you cuz your a real one

James II gives New Jersy to

propetiers (sir Cartert and Berkly), they decide to split into east and west jersey

Many new england people move to

NJ due to the soil

Jersys name comes from

an island in the english chanel

Who buys jersey from Carter

a group of purtains

Pennsylvania had

Quakers/Holy experiment

Quakers were

aka Society of Friends, believed people would quake if they saw Christ, believed all children were god and didnt treat the upper classmen with respect, liked religious freedom

quakers attracted

many different people, due to wanting to provide its citizens with economic opportunities, civil liberties and religious freedom

quakers didnt want to

pay taxes

Sir William Penn

Got Pennsylvania due to dad dying and received land in its inheritance, named after his father and the woods

Colony that had the most urban growth

Pennsylvania

Penn buys land from

Natives