APD Bones & Innervation of the Head & Neck (Lecture 1)

1. Frontal bone
2. Mandible
3. Maxillary bone
4. Sphenoid bone
5. Occipital bone
6. Temporal bone
7. Parietal bone

What are the 7 large bones of the skull?

1. Ethmoid bone
2. Nasal bones
3. Lacrimal bones
4. Palatine bones
5. Zygomatic bones
6. Vomer

What are the 6 smaller bones of the skull that we need to focus on for APD II?

parietal bone

What bone is indicated by the number 1 in the image?

temporal bone

What bone is indicated by the number 2 in the image?

occipital bone

What bone is indicated by the number 3 in the image?

frontal bone

What bone is indicated by the number 4 in the image?

sphenoid bone

What bone is indicated by the number 5 in the image?

ethmoid bone

What bone is indicated by the number 6 in the image?

lacrimal bone

What bone is indicated by the number 7 in the image?

nasal bone

What bone is indicated by the number 8 in the image?

zygomatic bone

What bone is indicated by the number 9 in the image?

maxilla

What bone is indicated by the number 10 in the image?

mandible

What bone is indicated by the number 11 in the image?

palatine bone

What bone is indicated by the number 12 in the image?

vomer

What bone is indicated by the number 13 in the image?

coronal suture

What suture joins the frontal and parietal bones?

lambdoid suture

What suture joins the occipital & parietal bones?

sagittal suture

What suture joins the parietal bones together?

squamous suture

What suture joins the temporal and parietal bones?

pterion

What is the name of the suture junction of the parietal, temporal, frontal, & sphenoid bones?

bregma

What is the name of the suture junction of the frontal & parietal bones?

lambda

What is the name of the suture junction of the parietal & occipital bones?

asterion

What is the name of the suture junction of the parietal, occipital, & temporal bones?

olfactory nerves

What nerves travel through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

ethmoid sinus

What part of the ethmoid bone contains air cells?

Superior & middle concha

What concha are part of the ethmoid bone?

pituitary gland

What gland lies within the sella turcica?

External acoustic meatus

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 1 in the image?

Squamous portion

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 2 in the image?

zygomatic process

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 3 in the image?

styloid process

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 6 in the image?

mastoid process

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 7 in the image?

mastoid portion

What part of the temporal bone is indicated by number 8 in the image?

petrous portion

What part of the temporal bone contains the internal acoustic meatus?

internal carotid artery, sympathetic fibers

What travels through the carotid canal?

CN I

What travels through the cribriform plate?

sound

What travels through the external acoustic meatus?

CN VII & VIII

What travels through the internal acoustic meatus?

CN IX-XI, internal jugular vein

What travels through the jugular foramen?

CN XII

What travels through the hypoglossal canal?

brainstem

What travels through foramen magnum?

CN V3

What travels through foramen ovale?

CN V2

What travels through foramen rotundum?

middle meningeal artery

What travels through foramen spinosum?

petrosal nerves

What travels through foramen lacerum?

CN VII

What travels through the stylomastoid foramen?

1. EOM dysfunction
2. Sensory abnormality of face
3. Horner’s syndrome

A fistula may lead to what 3 problems?

1. Internal carotid artery
2. CN III
3. CN IV
4. CN V1
5. CN V2
6. CN VI

What travels through the cavernous sinus?

Chiari malformation

In what condition does the tonsils herniate in foramen magnum, leading to cerebellar tonsil & brainstem damage that may be incompatible with life?

internal carotid ophthalmic artery

What does the middle meningeal artery anastomose with?

CN VII

The branches of what nerve are damaged in Bell’s Palsy?

foramen ovale

What foramen is indicated by number 1 in the image?

foramen spinosum

What foramen is indicated by number 2 in the image?

foramen lacerum

What foramen is indicated by number 3 in the image?

carotid canal

What foramen is indicated by number 4 in the image?

external acoustic meatus

What foramen is indicated by number 5 in the image?

stylomastoid foramen

What foramen is indicated by number 6 in the image?

jugular foramen

What foramen is indicated by number 7 in the image?

foramen magnum

What foramen is indicated by number 8 in the image?

CN II, ophthalmic artery

What travels through the optic canal?

supraorbital nerve/artery

What travels through the supraorbital foramen/notch?

CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI

What travels through the superior orbital fissure?

CN V2

What travels through the inferior orbital fissure?

infraorbital nerve/artery

What travels through the infraorbital foramen?

1. Lacrimal nerve
2. Superior ophthalmic vein
3. Frontal nerve
4. Trochlear nerve

What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure AND above Zinn?

1. Nasocilliary nerve
2. Oculomotor nerve (superior division)
3. Abducens nerve

What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure AND through Zinn?

1. Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
2. Inferior ophthalmic vein

What nerves go below Zinn?

pedicle

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 1 in the image?

transverse process

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 2 in the image?

lamina

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 3 in the image?

spinous process

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 4 in the image?

vertebral foramen

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 5 in the image?

anterior tubercle

What part of the atlas vertebrae is indicated by number 1 in the image?

anterior arch

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 2 in the image?

posterior tubercle

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 3 in the image?

posterior arch

What part of the vertebrae is indicated by number 4 in the image?

C1

What cervical vertebrae is the atlas?

C2

What cervical vertebrae is the axis?

dens

What is the main structure of the axis cervical vertebrae?

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

What cranial nerve deals with the sense of smell?

Optic nerve (CN II)

What cranial nerve deals with the special sense of vision?

1. Inferior oblique
2. Inferior rectus
3. Medial rectus
4. Superior rectus

What extraocular muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

superior oblique

What EOM is innervated by the trochlear nerve?

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

What is the only cranial nerve to exit the brainstem dorsally and is most susceptible to trauma?

1. Ophthalmic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

infraorbital foramen/canal

What does the infraorbital nerve travel through?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

What division of the trigeminal nerve involves chewing?

abducens nerve (CN VI)

What cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

What cranial nerve signals the medial rectus of the contralateral oculomotor nucleus?

abducens nerve (CN VI)

What cranial nerve is susceptible to high intracranial pressure?

medial rectus

During lateral conjugate gaze, the lateral rectus sends the signal from the abducens to the contralateral _____________ muscle via the MLF.

Herring’s Law

Law that states the right eye LR pairs with the left eye medial rectus

Sherrington’s Law

Law that states the right MR and left LR must relax for normal right gaze

facial nerve (CN VII)

What cranial nerve innervates facial muscles and is responsible for parasympathetic innervation?

facial nerve (CN VII)

What cranial nerve is responsible for anterior 2/3rds taste?

1. Temporal branch
2. Zygomatic branch
3. Buccal branch
4. Marginal mandibular branch
5. Cervical branch
6. Posterior auricular branch

What are the 6 branches of the facial nerve?

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

What cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What cranial nerve detects oxygen levels and blood pressure, innervates the parotid salivary gland & stylopharyngeus muscle, sensory for back of throat/tongue, and posterior 1/3 taste?

vagus nerve (CN X)

What cranial nerve is responsible for motor in the back of throat, GI system, & heart rate and parasympathetic control of blood pressure?