bio fall final

part that evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote

B

The graph below represents the relationship between the cadmium level in the drinking water of mice and the blood pressure of mice
- the false statement is :

The lower the cadmium concentration in the water, the higher the blood pressure

Which one or ones of the following refers to molecules or biological compounds found in the plasma membrane

- carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- NOT nucleic acid

A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because

it has a large central vacuole

Carrier molecule in the plasma membrane

protein

Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in figure 1

it represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction

Which of the following is used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

rate of disappearance of the substrate

The major component of the fluid bilayer of a plasma membrane

phospholipid

According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is

increased by exposure to light

The graph indicates the amount and location of mold growth on two different kinds of molds (penicillium camemberti and penicillium roqueforti.) Which of the following statements is true?

There is a statistically significant difference between the amount of penicillium camemberti and penicillium roqueforti in the middle of the cheese

Intravenous (IV) solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the blood.

the hydrophillic portion is the...

phospholipid heads

3 carbon sugar portion of a fat molecule

glycerol

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

depend on a concentration gradient

Which of the following statements about glucose, galactose and fructose is most likely true?

The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA?

The backbone of DNA contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of RNA contains ribose

that represents the activation energy of the reaction when it is not enzyme-catalyzed

C- top part off the graph

A storage form of carbohydrate in muscle

glycogen

To determine whether the normal functioning of the optic photoreceptors is involved in limb regeneration, one should compare the results above with those obtained from a similar experiment with newts

that have both eyes blindfolded

cell recognizer protein

Bonds with cytosine in DNA

guanine

Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for the insolubility of cell membranes in water?

phospholipid

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

6

has a mitochondria

eukary only

E1 E2 E3
W----------------> X-----------------> Y---------------> Z

-Product Z is able to occupy the active site of enzyme E2. Product Z can therefore first inhibit the production of

Y

The nitrogenous base, adenine, is found in which three of the three?

ATP, DNA, and RNA

Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrate

They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.

prokaryotic cells do NOT have

nuclear envelop

has lysosomes

eukary only

the properties of water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water’s surface?

Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension, which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect

long term energy storage and energy in animal

triglyceride

represents the energy state of the products of the enzyme-catalyzed pathway

E - the product portion, end of line

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure?

The nitrogen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge

Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?

the golgi apparatus

If, instead of the bag, a potato slice was placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?

it would gain mass

no membrane bound organelles

prokaryotic only

molecules or biological compounds that is/are used for the structures in animal including hair, skin, fingernails and tendons

proteins

One of the most pronounced differences between animal and plant cells is that

plant cells alone have relatively thick rigid cell wall.

Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?

View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells

Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure 1?

the formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction

Which one or ones of the following refers to molecules or biological compounds containing nitrogen

- nucleic acid
- protein

The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct

water

Which one or ones of the following refers to molecules or biological compounds that is/are used as an energy source in most living thing

- lipids
- carbohydrates

Structures found in the cells of both angiosperms (flowering plants) and mammals are

cell membranes and chromosomes

Which of the following is an example of a hydrogen bond

The attraction between a hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

Enzyme table 3 experiments\*
The most likely reason for the failure of the absorbance to increase significantly after 10 minutes in preparation III is that

most of the substrate was digested during the first 10 minutes

has nuclear membrane

eukary only

Which one or ones of the following refers to molecules or biological compounds that is/are used for exoskeletons of arthropods

carbohydrate

Which one or ones of the following refers to molecules or biological compounds synthesized at the ribosome

proteins

The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells

DNA

represents the net energy change of the reaction

d - activation with energy

found in BOTH Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

ribosome, ribosomes, and cell membrane

has ribosome

both

found in viruses

nucleic acids

product of photosynthesis

glucose

essential for the synthesis of fats

glycerol

Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature?

Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

most likely to be able to move unaided through to the cell membrane

lipids

For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes.
Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?

the initial concentration of the substrate

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules

lysosome

If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into the cells is called

osmosis

The forelimbs are amputated immediately proximal to the elbow. All the animals are maintained in an aerated pond at 21o C and are provided with equal amounts of food. The data are summarized in the table below.

From the results of this study, it can be correctly concluded that the growth of regenerating forelimbs is affected by

exposure to light

biological compounds that is/are used for the structure of a plant's cell wall

carbohydrate

Which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the representations of nucleic acid #1 and nucleic acid #2

Nucleic acid #1 contains adenine-thymine base pairs, whereas nucleic acid #2 does not.

Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins?

The change leads to decreased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins

has no cell membrane

neither eukary or prokaryotic

this diagram that depicts an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.
-best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?

The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms?

Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

A biologist prepares an in vitro analysis of the activity of the enzyme amylase, which promotes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to monosaccharide residues. Three flasks containing 5 milliliters of 4% amylose (starch) in water are prepared with the addition at time zero of each of the substances indicated in the diagram below:


Support for the hypothesis of enzyme denaturation can be obtained by comparing starch digestion in

Flasks A and C after 5 minutes

Three flasks containing 5 milliliters of 4% amylose (starch) in water are prepared with the addition at time zero of each of the substances indicated in the diagram below:

In an experiment to test the effect of amylase on starch, the control would be

flask b only

primary role of lysosome

intracellular digestion

biological compounds containing sulfur

proteins

or each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.

Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes

In graphing the data from this experiment, the sampling time would be shown on the x-axis because

sampling time is the independent variable

Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in Figure 1?

A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the formation of H2O

Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondrian and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Both contain DNA molecules

carbohydrate found in liver cells and muscle cells of animals

glycogen

Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?

Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules

The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?

The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic mater

Three flasks containing 5 milliliters of 4% amylose (starch) in water are prepared with the addition at time zero of each of the substances indicated in the diagram below:

After 2 minutes, a positive test for sugar would most likely be observed in

flask a only

A + B + energy --> AB
Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above?

endergonic reaction

Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a protein?

The interactions of the different R-groups with other R-groups and with their environment determine the tertiary structure of the protein

As part of an experiment to investigate the effects of cadmium on the hearts and livers of rats, the experimental group of rats receives 5 parts per million of cadmium in their drinking water each day. The control rats are given water from which all cadmium has been removed. For the experiment to be valid all of the following conditions are necessary EXCEPT:

The control rats should receive water fortified with other minerals to make up for the lost cadmium.

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?

golgi complex

The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y?

Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.

In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?

the cuboidal cell

what letters would identify it as a plant cell?

B and E

The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?

The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

The enzyme peroxidase is found in many organisms. It catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. The rate of peroxidase activity at different pH values was assessed by students in the lab. The students’ results are shown in graph 1.

If the experiment is repeated at pH 11, the observed activity level of the enzyme will most likely be

lower than the level at pH 9

The CFTR protein is made up of 1,480 amino acids linked together in a chain. Some humans produce a version of the CFTR protein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid) has been deleted from position 508 of the amino acid chain. Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the structure of the CFTR protein?

It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTR protein

found in BOTH archea and eukaryotes

ribosome, cell membrane , ribosomes, introns, histones

found in prokaryotes

cell membrane, circular dna, ribosome

\n responsible for manufacturing RNA and other components that are used in protein synthesis

nucleolus

After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.

Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?

The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition

The structure above could be any of the following **EXCEPT** a

monomer used as a component of a polypeptide

Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?

10 um